The hydrogen-donating ability (HDA) of the narrow fractions of coker gas oil (CGO), fluid catalytic cracking slurry (FCCS), and furfural extract oil (FEO) was investigated in an autoclave reactor. Anthracene was selected as a hydrogen acceptor probe for accepting hydrogen released by the hydrogen donor. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR) was employed to identify different categories of hydrogen of the mixture. On the basis of the H-1 NMR data, a method for calculating the HDA was developed to characterize the hydrogen-donating properties of selected industrial distillate narrow fractions (IDNFs). The reliability of the proposed method was verified by the average molecular structure and hydrocarbon composition of narrow fractions. The HDA of the narrow fractions follows the order of FEO > FCCS > CGO, and that of the key components of IDNFs is FEO-5 > FCCS-6 > CGO-4. FEO-5 is the optimal candidate for acting as an industrial distillate hydrogen donor. The average molecular structure indicated that the parameters of the average molecular structure have a relationship with the HDA. R-N/R-A values closer to 1 indicate high HDA. Analysis of the hydrocarbon composition demonstrated that the total percentage of naphthenoaromatics, including naphthenebenzenes, dinaphthenebenzenes, and naphthenephenanthrenes, in the narrow fractions influenced the HDA of IDNFs.