This study uses life cycle assessment to quantify and compare the greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel depletion impacts of a theoretical mallee jet fuel value chain, operating in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, with those of fossil-based jet fuel. Relative to fossil-based jet fuel, the mallee jet fuel was found to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% and result in a net fossil fuel depletion benefit. Further greenhouse gas reductions could be achieved by optimizing the supply chain through measures such as capturing methane emissions for hydrogen production and utilizing co-produced biodiesel. The magnitudes of the environmental benefits are sensitive to a number of methodology assumptions, including the approach to potential food displacement and co-production. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.