A stereocontrolled first total synthesis of muraymycin D1 (1) has been achieved. The synthetic route is highly stereos elective, featuring (1) selective beta-ribosylation of the C2-methylated amino ribose, (2) selective Strecker reaction, and (3) ring-opening reaction of a diastereomeric mixture of a diaminolactone to synthesize muraymycidine (epi-capreornycidine). The acid-cleavable protecting groups for secondary alcohol and uridine ureido nitrogen are applied for simultaneous deprotections with the Boc and Bu-t groups. Muraymycin D1 (1) and its amide derivatives (2 and 3) exhibited growth inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC50 = 1.56-6.2 mu g/mL) and strong enzyme inhibitory activities against the bacterial phosphotransferases (MurX and WecA) (IC50 = 0.096-0.69 mu M).