The Kraft process is an intensive user of capital, energy, water, and chemicals, and is particularly vulnerable in the present precarious economic situation. Therefore, Canadian Kraft pulp mills offer good potential for improvement, especially if the equipment and unit operations are diagnosed in details by means of specific key performance indicators (KPI). The characterization and performance analysis of equipment is a prerequisite to optimization. A thorough evaluation of the equipment performance must be done to assess the actual vs. the expected performance before proceeding to any kind of energy improvement project. A systematic methodology for equipment performance evaluation through key performance indicators (KPIs) is presented in Part I. New key performance indicators (KPIs) based on dimensional analysis as well as other conventional key performance indicators are used to efficiently analyze and diagnose the causes of inefficiencies of the equipment, and propose adequate remedial actions. The methodology has been applied to an Eastern Canadian Kraft mill and several improvement projects leading to 30% of energy savings are proposed, entailing a low investment cost and a payback of 1.1 a. (C) 2016 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.