As with miRNAs a decade ago, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a new class of RNAs involved in physiological and pathological processes. Recent evidences have shown that lncRNAs play a role in cancer metabolism. The relationship between lncRNAs and aerobic glycolysis provides new strategies for the treatment of cancer. Here we discuss recent findings on the role of lncRNAs in aerobic glycolysis and provide insights into their mechanisms of action. In addition, we explore the potential challenges in using lncRNAs as targets for cancer therapy. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.