Nanoporous pyropolymer nanosheets fabricated from renewable bio-resources for supercapacitors

Jaewon Choi; Na Rae Kim; Hyoung-Joon Jin; Young Soo Yun

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.43, 158-163, November, 2016

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2016.08.002 Export Citation

Nanoporous pyropolymer nanosheets fabricated from renewable bio-resources for supercapacitors

Jaewon Choi, Na Rae Kim¹, Hyoung-Joon Jin^{1, †}, and Young Soo Yun^{2, †}

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States, USA
¹Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
²Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-711, South Korea

E-mail:,

In this study, nanoporous pyropolymer nanosheets (NPNs) were fabricated from Citreae peels by simple pyrolysis with potassium hydroxide. The NPNs have a high specific surface area of 1522 m2 g-1, numerous nanometer-scale pores, a high electrical conductivity of 210 S cm-1, and a large amount of oxygen (19.4 wt.%) and nitrogen (3.4 wt.%) heteroatoms. These unique material properties lead to good electrochemical performance of NPNs as supercapacitor electrodes; they showed high specific capacitance of 330 F g-1, good rate capabilities (221 F g-1 to 60 A g-1), and stable cyclic performance for more than 20,000 cycles. This study provides information on the simple fabrication of sustainable and functional carbon-based materials containing numerous nanopores and redox-active heteroatoms. In addition, these materials demonstrate superior electrochemical performances as electrodes for supercapacitors.

Keywords:Biomass;Pyropolymer;Nanosheet;Activation;Porous carbon;Supercapacitor

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[Referenced By]

[1] Simon P, Gogotsi Y, Nat. Mater., 7(11), 845 (2008)

[2] Zhang LL, Zhao XS, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 2520 (2009)

[3] Lu M, Beguin F, Frackowiak E (Eds.), Supercapacitors: Materials, Systems and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

[4] Yun YS, Cho SY, Shim J, Kim BH, Chang SJ, Baek SJ, Huh YS, Tak Y, Park YW, Park S, Jin HJ, Adv. Mater., 25(14), 1993 (2013)

[5] Jiang H, Lee PS, Li C, Energy Environ. Sci., 6, 41 (2013)

[6] Pandolfo AG, Hollenkamp AF, J. Power Sources, 157(1), 11 (2006)

[7] Xia K, Gao Q, Jiang J, Hu J, Carbon, 46, 1718 (2008)

[8] Yun YS, Im C, Park HH, Hwang I, Tak Y, Jin HJ, J. Power Sources, 234, 285 (2013)

[9] Raymundo-Pinero E, Kierzek K, Machnikowski J, Beguin F, Carbon, 44, 2498 (2006)

[10] Liu C, Yu Z, Neff D, Zhamu A, Jang BZ, Nano Lett., 10, 4863 (2010)

[11] Yun YS, Yoon G, Kang K, Jin HJ, Carbon, 80, 246 (2014)

[12] Pico F, Rojo JM, Sanjuan ML, Anson A, Benito AM, Callejas MA, Maser WK, Martinez MT, J. Electrochem. Soc., 151(6), A831 (2004)

[13] Lv Y, Zhang F, Dou Y, Zhai Y, Wnag J, Liu H, et al., J. Mater. Chem., 22, 93 (2012)

[14] Yun YS, Lee ME, Joo MJ, Jin HJ, J. Power Sources, 246, 540 (2014)

[15] Xiong W, Liu MX, Gan LH, Lv YK, Li Y, Yang L, Xu ZJ, Hao ZX, Liu HL, Chen LW, J. Power Sources, 196(23), 10461 (2011)

[16] Li J, Wang XY, Huang QH, Gamboa S, Sebastian PJ, J. Power Sources, 158(1), 784 (2006)

[17] Stoller MD, Park S, Zhu Y, An J, Ruoff RS, Nano Lett., 8, 3498 (2008)

[18] Yun YS, Lee S, Kim NR, Kang M, Leal C, Park KY, Kang K, Jin HJ, J. Power Sources, 313, 142 (2016)

[19] Wang W, Guo S, Penchev M, Ruiz I, Bozhilov KN, Yan D, et al., Nano Energy, 2, 294 (2013)

[20] Sun F, Gao J, Liu X, Pi X, Yang Y, Wu S, Appl. Surf. Sci., 387, 857 (2016)

[21] Zhang H, Noonan O, Huang X, Yang Y, Xu C, Zhou L, et al., ACS Nano, 10, 4579 (2016)

[22] Huang KB, Li M, Chen ZH, Yao YY, Yang XW, Electrochim. Acta, 158, 306 (2015)

[23] Hulicova-Jurcakova D, Kodama M, Shiraishi S, Hatori H, Zhu ZH, Lu GQ, Adv. Funct. Mater., 19(11), 1800 (2009)

[24] Chen CM, Zhang Q, Yang MG, Huang CH, Yang YG, Wang MZ, Carbon, 50, 3572 (2012)

[25] Yun YS, Shim J, Tak Y, Jin HJ, RSC Adv., 2, 4353 (2012)

[26] Yun YS, Park HH, Jin HJ, Materials, 5, 1258 (2012)

[27] Cho SY, Yun YS, Lee S, Jang D, Park KY, Kim JK, et al., Nat. Commun., 6, 7145 (2015)

[28] Romanos J, Beckner M, Rash T, Firlej L, Kuchta B, Yu P, et al., Nanotechnology, 23, 015401 (2012)

[29] Yun YS, Le VD, Kim H, Chang SJ, Baek SJ, Park S, Kim BH, Kim YH, Kang K, Jin HJ, J. Power Sources, 262, 79 (2014)

[30] Yun YS, Cho SY, Jin HJ, Macromol. Res., 22(5), 509 (2014)