Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.138, No.34, 10834-10837, 2016
Blurring the Role of Oligonucleotides: Spherical Nucleic Acids as a Drug Delivery Vehicle
Nucleic acids are generally regarded as the payload in gene therapy, often requiring a carrier for intracellular delivery. With the recent discovery that spherical nucleic acids enter cells rapidly, we demonstrate that nucleic acids also have the potential to act as a delivery vehicle. Herein, we report an amphiphilic DNA-paclitaxel conjugate, which forms stable micellar nanoparticles in solution. The nucleic acid component acts as both a therapeutic payload for intracellular gene regulation and the delivery vehicle for the drug component. A bioreductively activated, self-immolative disulfide linker is used to tether the drug, allowing free drug to be released upon cell uptake. We found that the DNA-paclitaxei nanostructures enter cells similar to 100 times faster' than free DNA, exhibit increased stability against nuclease, and show nearly identical cytotoxicity as free drug. These nanostructures allow one to access a gene target and a drug target using only the pUyloads themselves, bypassing the need for a cocarrier system.