Carbon deposition on MgO-supported Pt nanoparticles from ethylene decomposition was studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at the atomic level. An imaging strategy was established for controlling beam-gas-sample interactions that minimizes beam-induced changes of the reaction. Using this strategy, it was possible to observe how carbon encapsulation occurs on Pt nanoparticles and the role of the Pt surface morphology. The evidence suggests that multiple partial layers grew simultaneously prior to full encapsulation of the nanoparticle. The growth of carbon on Pt nanoparticles was found to induce significant changes in the nanoparticle shape, resulting in particles becoming rounder as coking progressed. Closer examination of the surface structure revealed that in some cases carbon growth induced step formation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.