Heavy crude oil samples extracted from the same well showed some rheological differences mainly in terms of viscosity and response to the addition of a small amount of dodecyl benzen sulfonate. Also slight differences in the activation energy and in the viscosity dependence on a solvent concentration were observed. The crude oil samples, also separated in maltenic and asphaltenic fractions, were fully characterized by elemental and proximate analysis, solvent extraction, thermogravimetry, mass spectrometric and spectroscopic analyses. No significant differences were found showing that the samples have the same composition and molecular structure and demonstrating that the different rheological behavior has to be related only to a different microstructural organization that is not sensed by the chemical-physical tests. This result helps to complete the picture of the complex correlation between rheological and chemical-physical properties of heavy crude oils. While it is accepted that chemical-physically different samples may, or may not, have a different rheology, we show for the first time that unperturbed samples with the same chemical-physical properties may exhibit differences in the rheological behavior. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.