Today, polymer nanocomposites are of growing interest for the production of functional coatings. For this purpose, tailored and surface-modified nanoparticles are incorporated into a polymeric resin. Thereby, the characteristics of the used system can be altered and desired properties can be enhanced. In this work, the whole process chain, from synthesis to characterization of the coating, was examined with special attention to the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles. Hereby, the influence of the surface modification of the particles can be investigated while avoiding side effects.