The surface modification of natural materials to be applied in removal of Crn from aqueous solutions has attracted much attention. A natural sorbent for Crn based on natural populus fibers (PF) is prepared by transforming the cyano groups (AN) in polyacrylonitriles (PAN) grafted from PF into amidoxime groups (AO), which has strong ability to attract and chelate heavy metal ions. The prepared sorbent is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13 NMR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). As potassium dichromate solution (K2Cr2O7) is used as a target solution for detecting adsorption capacity of the sorbent, the adsorption kinetics of the sorbent for chromiun is consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model by analyzing the adsorption amount as a function of the sorbent dispersed duration in solution at pH= 2. The expected adsorption mechanism is that the Cr-(IV) in anionic ions Cr2O72- and HCrO4- are adsorbed through electrostatic attraction but when Cr-(IV) is reduced to Cr-(III) by AO, the electronegative nitrogen and oxygen in AO chelate it through coordination bond. The as-prepared PF derivant with high adsorption efficiency of chromium 180.5 mg/g (3.47 mmol/g), low cost, reusability and greenly preparation process suggests that the development of natural PF as a sorbent in removal of Crn from aqueous solutions is a destined significant approach. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.