A review on the aqueous chemistry of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) and their separation by solvent extraction

Ling Yun Wang; Man Seung Lee

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.39, 1-9, July, 2016

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2016.06.004 Export Citation

A review on the aqueous chemistry of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) and their separation by solvent extraction

Ling Yun Wang, and Man Seung Lee^†

Department of Advanced Material Science & Engineering, Institute of Rare Metal, Mokpo National University, Chonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea

E-mail:

Solvent extraction systems for the separation of zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) from different aqueous media, such as sulfate, chloride and nitrate were reviewed. The important parameters like extraction efficiency, extraction reaction, separation selectivity and separation factor were discussed in the light of the complex formation of the two metals and the nature of extractants. The studies showed the possibility for the separation of zirconium and hafnium from different aqueous solutions using single anionic, cationic, solvating extractants and extractant mixtures. The comparisons and summaries presented in this review may guide the future direction for the solvent extraction separation of zirconium and hafnium.

Keywords:Zirconium;Hafnium;Aqueous chemistry;Separation;Solvent extraction

[References]

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Kozak CM, Mountford P, Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, Zirconium & Hafnium: Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Oxford, 2006.
Elinson SV, Petrov KI, Analytical Chemistry of zirconium and hafnium (Russ Transl. by Kaner N), Ann Arbor-Humphry Science Publishers, Jerusalem, 1969.
Mukhergi AK, Analytical Chemistry of Zirconium and Hafnium, 1st ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1970.
Holden NE, Pure Appl. Chem., 52, 2349 (1980)
Mason B, Principles of Geochemistry, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1966.
Hess HD, USBM R.I. 5856, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C., 1962.
Bedinger GM, U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015 January.
Taghizadeh M, Ghanadi M, Zolfonoun E, J. Nucl. Mater., 412, 334 (2011)
Benedict M, Pigford TH, Levi HW, Nuclear Chemical Engineering, 2nd ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1981.
Shatalov V, Nikonov V, Kotsar ML, At. Energy, 4, 242 (2008)
Xu L, Xiao Y, Sandwijk AV, Xu Q, Yang Y, J. Nucl. Mater., 466, 21 (2015)
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Kroll WJ, J. Frankl. Inst., 260, 169 (1955)
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El Barawy KA, El Tawil SZ, Francis AA, Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. Sect. C, 109, 49 (2000)
Biswas RK, Habib MA, Karmakar AK, Islam MR, Hydrometallurgy, 103, 124 (2010)
da Silva RJF, Dutra AJB, Afonso JC, Hydrometallurgy, 117-118, 93 (2012)
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Vinarov IV, Russ. Chem. Rev., 36, 522 (1967)
Smolik M, Jakobik-Kolon A, Poranski M, Hydrometallurgy, 95, 350 (2009)
Jakobik-Kolon A, Smolik M, Jaroszek H, Hydrometallurgy, 140, 77 (2013)
Hurst FJ, Hydrometallurgy, 10, 1 (1983)
Chaudry MA, Ahmed B, Sep. Sci. Technol., 27, 199 (1992)
Yang XJ, Fane AG, Pin C, Chem. Eng. J., 88(1-3), 37 (2002)
Cotton FA, Wilkson G, Murillo CA, Bochmann M, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1999.
Tananaev IV, Rozanev IA, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 7(8), 957 (1962)
Caletka R, Chem. Listy., 58, 349 (1964)
Solovkin AS, Tsvetkova SV, Russ. Chem. Rev., 31, 655 (1962)
Larsen EM, Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem., 13, 1 (1970)
Baglin FG, Breger D, Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 12, 173 (1976)
Abdel-Fattah AA, Ali SM, El-Sweify FH, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 253, 465 (2002)
Veyland A, Dupont L, Pierrard JC, Rimbault J, Aplincourt M, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 11, 1765 (1998)
El-Ammouri E, Distin PA, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 14, 871 (1996)
Ryabchikov DI, Marov IN, Ermakov AN, Belyaeva VK, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 26, 965 (1964)
Nekovar P, Schrotterova D, Mrnka M, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 223, 17 (1997)
Deshpande RG, Khopkar PK, Rao CL, Sharma HD, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 27, 2171 (1965)

[Referenced By]

[1] Krebs RE, The History and Use of Our Earth’s Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1998.

[2] Kozak CM, Mountford P, Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, Zirconium & Hafnium: Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Oxford, 2006.

[3] Elinson SV, Petrov KI, Analytical Chemistry of zirconium and hafnium (Russ Transl. by Kaner N), Ann Arbor-Humphry Science Publishers, Jerusalem, 1969.

[4] Mukhergi AK, Analytical Chemistry of Zirconium and Hafnium, 1st ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1970.

[5] Holden NE, Pure Appl. Chem., 52, 2349 (1980)

[6] Mason B, Principles of Geochemistry, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1966.

[7] Hess HD, USBM R.I. 5856, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C., 1962.

[8] Bedinger GM, U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015 January.

[9] Taghizadeh M, Ghanadi M, Zolfonoun E, J. Nucl. Mater., 412, 334 (2011)

[10] Benedict M, Pigford TH, Levi HW, Nuclear Chemical Engineering, 2nd ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1981.

[11] Shatalov V, Nikonov V, Kotsar ML, At. Energy, 4, 242 (2008)

[12] Xu L, Xiao Y, Sandwijk AV, Xu Q, Yang Y, J. Nucl. Mater., 466, 21 (2015)

[13] Takeda O, Uda T, Okabe TH, in: Seetharaman S, Mclean A, Guthrie R, Seetharaman S (Eds.), Treatise on Process Metallurgy, Volume 3: Industrial Processes, Chapter 2.9. Rare Earth, Titanium Group Metals, and Reactive Metals Production, Elsevier, Oxford, 2014.

[14] Kroll WJ, J. Frankl. Inst., 260, 169 (1955)

[15] Roza G, Understanding the Elements of the Periodic Table, Rosen Publishing Group, New York, 2009.

[16] El Barawy KA, El Tawil SZ, Francis AA, Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. Sect. C, 109, 49 (2000)

[17] Biswas RK, Habib MA, Karmakar AK, Islam MR, Hydrometallurgy, 103, 124 (2010)

[18] da Silva RJF, Dutra AJB, Afonso JC, Hydrometallurgy, 117-118, 93 (2012)

[19] Zelikman AN, Krein OE, Samsonov GV, Metallurgy of Rare Metals, Translated from Russian, Chapter V, Zirconium, U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1964.

[20] Vinarov IV, Russ. Chem. Rev., 36, 522 (1967)

[21] Smolik M, Jakobik-Kolon A, Poranski M, Hydrometallurgy, 95, 350 (2009)

[22] Jakobik-Kolon A, Smolik M, Jaroszek H, Hydrometallurgy, 140, 77 (2013)

[23] Hurst FJ, Hydrometallurgy, 10, 1 (1983)

[24] Chaudry MA, Ahmed B, Sep. Sci. Technol., 27, 199 (1992)

[25] Yang XJ, Fane AG, Pin C, Chem. Eng. J., 88(1-3), 37 (2002)

[26] Cotton FA, Wilkson G, Murillo CA, Bochmann M, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1999.

[27] Tananaev IV, Rozanev IA, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 7(8), 957 (1962)

[28] Caletka R, Chem. Listy., 58, 349 (1964)

[29] Solovkin AS, Tsvetkova SV, Russ. Chem. Rev., 31, 655 (1962)

[30] Larsen EM, Adv. Inorg. Chem. Radiochem., 13, 1 (1970)

[31] Baglin FG, Breger D, Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 12, 173 (1976)

[32] Abdel-Fattah AA, Ali SM, El-Sweify FH, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 253, 465 (2002)

[33] Veyland A, Dupont L, Pierrard JC, Rimbault J, Aplincourt M, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 11, 1765 (1998)

[34] El-Ammouri E, Distin PA, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 14, 871 (1996)

[35] Ryabchikov DI, Marov IN, Ermakov AN, Belyaeva VK, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 26, 965 (1964)

[36] Nekovar P, Schrotterova D, Mrnka M, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 223, 17 (1997)

[37] Deshpande RG, Khopkar PK, Rao CL, Sharma HD, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 27, 2171 (1965)