The visible light responsive nanocomposite of vanadium-doped TiO2 nanorod anchoring on highly reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been successfully synthesized using a simple one step low temperature hydrothermal method. The nanoparticles, loaded on RGO, were intentionally fabricated as nanorods to enhance their contact with the RGO sheets. Compared to undoped TiO2 and non-composited V-TiO2 nanoparticles, the nanocomposite exhibited enhanced H-2 evolution under visible light illumination. Density Functional Theory (DFT) computation also confirms the bandgap narrowing of TiO2 by doping vanadium. Furthermore, the photogenerated electrons could be effectively trapped by the conducting RGO sheets, thereby suppressing electron hole recombination. This noble metal-free nanocomposite material composed of highly conducting sheets also offers promise for other energy applications such as lithium ion batteries. Copyright (C) 2016, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.