Effects of the ratio of carbon to nitrogen concentration on lipid production by bacterial consortium of sewage sludge using food wastewater as a carbon source

Sang Do Yook; Raul Sanchez Sanchez; Jeong Hyub Ha; Jong Moon Park

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.33, No.6, 1805-1812, June, 2016

DOI10.1007/s11814-016-0058-x Export Citation

Effects of the ratio of carbon to nitrogen concentration on lipid production by bacterial consortium of sewage sludge using food wastewater as a carbon source

Sang Do Yook¹, Raul Sanchez Sanchez¹, Jeong Hyub Ha^{2, †}, and Jong Moon Park^{1, 2, †}

¹School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 37673, Korea
²Department of Integrated Environmental Systems, Pyeongtaek University, 3825 Seodong-daero, Gyeonggi-do 17869, Korea

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Food wastewater (FWW) and sewage sludge (SS) were used to control the C :N ratio in cultures as a method to increase lipid production by microbial species in SS. FWW and SS were mixed in volumetric ratios (FWW: SS) of 5 : 0 (F5), 4 : 1 (F4), or 3 : 2 (F3). Compared to raw SS, total lipid content production was increased by 263% in F5, 142% in F4, and 111% in F3. These results were caused by increases in the concentrations of triglycerides (TAGs) during lipid enhancement. The fatty acid methyl ester content of TAGs (wt% of extract) was 25.3 in F5, 20.2 in F4 and 13.25 in F3; these were significant improvements over biodiesel production using raw SS. C16:0 fatty acid was mostly converted to C18:1 fatty acid; this is an important result because the proportion of C18:1 strongly influences the quality of biodiesel. This is the first effort to produce biodiesel using FWW instead of synthetic medium as a carbon source. Hence, this study provides a useful solution for treating organic wastes (SS and FWW) simultaneously; this strategy may be an economically viable method for producing biodiesel from organic wastes.

Keywords:Sewage Sludge;Food Wastewater;Lipid;Triacylglycerol (TAG);Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs);Biodiesel

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[2] Huynh LH, Kasim NS, Ju YH, Bioresour. Technol., 101(22), 8891 (2010)

[3] Karabas H, Renew. Energy, 53, 384 (2013)

[4] Siddiquee MN, Rohani S, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 15, 1067 (2011)

[5] Pastore C, Lopez A, Lotito V, Mascolo G, Chemosphere, 92, 667 (2013)

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[7] Siddiquee MN, Rohani S, Fuel Process. Technol., 92(12), 2241 (2011)

[8] Dufreche S, Hernandez R, French T, Sparks D, Zappi M, Alley E, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 84, 181 (2007)

[9] Alvarez H, Triglycerides and Cholesterol Research, 6, 159 (2006)

[10] Wynn J, Ratledge C, Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 51, 1 (2002)

[11] Revellame ED, Hernandez R, French WT, Holmes WE, Forks A, Callahan R, Bioresour. Technol., 148, 487 (2013)

[12] Castro H, Queirolo M, Quevedo M, Muxi L, Biotechnol. Lett., 24(4), 329 (2002)

[13] Mondala AH, Hernandez R, French T, McFarland L, Domingo JWS, Meckes M, Ryu H, Iker B, AIChE J., 58(4), 1279 (2012)

[14] APHA A, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association. Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA (1995).

[15] DuBois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F, Anal. Chem., 28, 350 (1956)

[16] Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ, J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265 (1951)

[17] Bligh E, Dyer WJ, Can. J. Biochem. Phys., 37, 911 (1959)

[18] Bourque SD, Titorenko VI, J. Vis. Exp., 30, 1513 (2009)

[19] Revellame ED, Hernandez R, French W, Holmes WE, Benson TJ, Pharm PJ, Forks A, Callahan II R, RSC Adv., 2, 2015 (2012)

[20] Angerbauer C, Siebenhofer M, Mittelbach M, Guebitz GM, Bioresour. Technol., 99(8), 3051 (2008)

[21] Papanikolaou S, Aggelis G, Eur. J. Lip. Sci. Technol., 113, 1031 (2011)

[22] Mudge SM, Belanger SE, Nielsen AM, Fatty Alcohols:Anthropogenic and Natural Occurence in the Environment, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK (2008).

[23] Revellame ED, Hernandez R, French WT, Holmes WE, Forks A, Callahan R, Bioresour. Technol., 148, 487 (2013)

[24] Haas M, Foglia T, Alternate feedstocks and technologies for biodiesel production, The Biodiesel Handbook, 42 (2005).