PUVGCF/S microspheres have been prepared using high-heat treatment with partially unzipped vapor-grown carbon fibers (PUVGCF) as the carbon precursor. The PUVGCF structure is formed via peeling and further lengthwise cutting with highly graphitized vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCF) using a simple solution-based oxidative process. The composites of PUVGCF/S wrapped with polyaniline (PANi) are synthesized via an in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline using a liquid process. The microsphere structure not only shortens the electron and ion transport pathway but also provides mechanical support to accommodate volume expansion during the discharge/charge process. Additionally, the PANi coating layer further enhances conductivity of the electrode and prevents the polysulfides from dissolving in the electrolyte. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate excellent performance. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.