European Water Framework Directive and the Predicted Non Effect Concentrations for water organisms require determination of lead at very low concentrations: 1.2 mu g/L These low concentrations, generally in complex sample matrixes, have influence on the sensitivity and accuracy of the analytical method. Hence, prior to a determination, a clean-up and/or enrichment step is highly necessary. In this work, for the first time, the determination of Pb was performed using Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV) on a Boron-Doped Diamond microcell directly in the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) extracting phase: Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide which contained the complexing agent Trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). The calibration curves with and without TOPO are linear in the concentration range 0-4 mu g/L of Pb, with a detection limit (DL) of 0.3 mu g/L. The optimum conditions for higher concentration factor were determined: the aqueous phase should be a 0.1 M citrate buffer with pH 2. The obtained concentration factor was 5.0 +/- 0.2 for lead in RTIL without chelating agent TOPO, and 9.0 +/- 0.10 in IL with chelating agent TOPO. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.