The interest in studying cellulose especially bacterial cellulose (BC) and BC-based composites has increased dramatically, due to their outstanding properties. Among them, BC-based electroconductive composites seem to capture more attention because of their perfect structure and controllable synthesis as well as potential values. Meanwhile, the development of carbon fibers is becoming a hot spot in recent years. Here, we concentrate on describing their numerous approaches, and some improvements in the process, which are discussed in greater details with an emphasis on their functional properties and potential applications. The challenges in commercial scale applications are discussed and the efficiencies of various electroconductive composites are compared, in order to exploit its far-reaching application value.