The standard theory regarding the interactions between polyelectrolytes and their counterions is based on long-range electrostatic interactions. However, aromatic counterions may undergo short-range aromatic-aromatic interactions with polyelectrolytes containing aromatic rings so that ion pairs may be formed. The charge of the polymeric aromatic groups and the linear aromatic density of the polyelectrolytes play an important role on the behavior of the systems. Self-aggregation of counterions on the polymer environment can be controlled.