Plasma etching has evolved in an important technology for rapid and cost-effective generation of random or quasi-ordered nanostructures in large areas and in a repeatable manner, if properly controlled. It simultaneously affects the chemical composition of etched surfaces. Thus, plasma etching finds numerous applications in the areas of biomaterials and biomicrosystems, since surface chemistry and topography are proven to influence strongly cell-substrate interactions. Herein, we briefly review published studies addressing cell-surface interactions, especially those focusing on optimal surface properties favoring cell adhesion and proliferation. We show that plasma-based micro- and nano-texturing of polymeric surfaces provides a unique, simple and yet versatile tool for tuning the physicochemical properties of polymeric surfaces to those favoring cell cultures. Plasma etching and nanotexturing is proven indispensable also for the patterning on the same substrate of different chemical and/or topographical areas to induce preferential cell adhesion in predefined areas. In this respect, the implementation of surfaces with extreme wettabilities (superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic patterns) is highly valued and when integrated inside microchannels can add new potential to the current archery of micro-analytical devices. The paper concludes with the authors' view to the future outlook of the niche area of plasma nanotextured polymer surfaces.