Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol.373, 201-211, 2002
Lipid bilayer thickness and surface area in lamellar phases of hydrated mixtures of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and homologs of local anesthetic heptacaine
The lipid bilayer thickness d(L) and the surface area A(L) in fluid lyotropic lamellar L-alpha phases of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) containing amphiphilic monohydrochiorides of [2-(alkyloxy)phenyl]-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl esters of carbamic acid (CnA, n=number of alkyloxy chain carbons) at DPPC:CnA = 1:1 and H2O:DPPC. 20:1 molar ratios have been estimated from small angle synchrotron X-ray diffractograms. CnAs intercalate between DPPC molecules, resulting in a lateral bilayer expansion and in a decrease of d(L). At the reduced temperature T-r=(T-T-c)/T-c=0.035, where T-c is the gel-fluid L-beta-L-alpha phase transition temperature, the values of d(L) (A(L)) equal to 3.289+/-0.012nm (1.060+/-0.012nm(2)), 3.391+/-0.011 nm (1.055+/-0.013 nm(2)), 3.403+/-0.013 nm (1.080+/-0.012 nm(2)), 3.418+/-0.012 nm (1.090+/-0.013 nm(2)), and 3.730+/-0.012 nm (1.025+/-0.012 nm(2)) were obtained for C5A, C7A, C9A, C10A, and C12A containing L-alpha phases, respectively. The increase of d(L) with increasing n is caused by the decrease in the difference in DPPC acyl and CnA alkyloxy chains lengths. The values of d(L)=3.733+/-0.011 nm and A(L)=0.902+/-0.012nm(2) obtained for C3A indicate that its location in the L-alpha phase is different from that of the other CnAs studied. The nonlinear dependencies of d(L) and A(L) on n can contribute to CnA's biological (local anesthetic, antimicrobial, antiphotosynthetic) effects that display similar dependencies on n.