Nanomedicine consists of the application of nanotechnologies in the medical field. In many nanomedical applications, supercritical fluids based processes represent the best potential choice, since they allow controlled fabrication of biological active nanoparticles, nanostructured microparticles, nanoporous/nanostructured materials. These products can be used to develop cell diagnostic kits, intracellular devices, engineered drug delivery systems, implantable materials and devices. This review is a critical analysis of the results reported in the literature on this fascinating and explosively growing field. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.