AimsA Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain, designated 32a, was used to identify new compounds active against Agrobacterium tumefaciens and to evaluate their efficiency to control crown gall on carrot discs. Methods and ResultsBased on PCR-assays, four gene clusters were shown to direct the synthesis of the cyclic lipopeptides surfactin, iturin A, bacillomycin D and fengycin. Mass spectrometry analysis of culture supernatant led to the identification of these secondary metabolites, except bacillomycin, with heterogeneous mixture of homologues. Antimicrobial assays using lipopeptides-enriched extract showed a strong inhibitory activity against several bacterial and fungal strains, including Ag.tumefaciens. Biological control assays on carrot discs using both 32a spores and extract resulted in significant protection against crown gall disease, similar to that provided by the reference antagonistic strain Agrobacterium rhizogenes K1026. ConclusionsIn contrast to all active compounds against Ag.tumefaciens that are of proteinaceous nature, this work enables for the first time to correlate the strong protective effect of B.amyloliquefaciens strain 32a towards crown gall disease with the production of a mixture of lipopeptides. Significance and Impact of the StudyThe findings could be useful for growers and nursery men who are particularly interested in the biocontrol of the crown gall disease.