AimsDendrobium officinale is an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Its seedlings generally show low survival and growth when transferred from in vitro tissue culture to a greenhouse or field environment. In this study, the effect of Mycena dendrobii on the survival and growth of D.officinale tissue culture seedlings and the mechanisms involved was explored. Methods and ResultsMycena dendrobii were applied underneath the roots of D.officinale tissue culture seedlings. The seedling survival and growth were analysed. The root proteins induced by M.dendrobii were identified using two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF-MS). Mycena dendrobii treatment significantly enhanced survival and growth of D.officinale seedlings. Forty-one proteins induced by M.dendrobii were identified. Among them, 10 were involved in defence and stress response, two were involved in the formation of root or mycorrhizae, and three were related to the biosynthesis of bioactive constituents. ConclusionsThese results suggest that enhancing stress tolerance and promoting new root formation induced by M.dendrobii may improve the survival and growth of D.officinale tissue culture seedlings. Significance and Impact of the StudyThis study provides a foundation for future use of M.dendrobii in the large-scale cultivation of Dendrobiums.