To investigate the effects of Nd:YAG laser and 17% EDTA treatment on root-dentin mineral content using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and on shear-bond strength of epoxy-resin-based sealer (AH Plus) to root dentin. Twelve extracted premolars were decoronated and roots were sectioned, so that 24 two-root halves were obtained. Element levels of each half were examined by SEM/EDX, and AH Plus build-ups were created. After shear-testing, the test surfaces were reground and subjected to a 5.25% NaOCl. Two subgroups were created according to the surface treatment (n=12): G1, with 17% EDTA for 5min; G2, with the Nd:YAG laser. The element level analysis and shear-bond strength test were repeated for each half; the data were recorded (MPa) and analyzed (paired samples t-test). The EDTA treatment increased the O, C, Ca/P ratio (p<0.001), decreased Ca, P content (p=0.000), but did not change Na, Mg content (p>0.05). The Nd:YAG laser increased O, Ca/P ratio (p<0.001), and decreased the Ca, P content (p=0.000). The C, Mg, Na content did not change with the Nd:YAG laser (p>0.05). Both 17% EDTA and Nd:YAG laser had an effect on the mineral content of roots. The 17% EDTA treatment decreased the shear-bond strength of AH Plus to root dentin (p=0.000); however, the Nd:YAG laser did not affect the bond strength (p=0.238). Thus, an Nd:YAG laser can be used for disinfection of the root canal when AH Plus is used as a sealer.