The feasibility of employing lignite coal as a fuel in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) of the type: lignite vertical bar Co-CeO2/YSZ/Aglair is investigated. The impact of several parameters, related to anodic electrode composition (20, 40 and 60 wt.% Co/CeO2), cell temperature (700-800 degrees C), carrier gas composition (CO2/He mixtures), and total feed flow rate (10-70 cm(3)/min), was systematically examined. The effect of molten carbonates on DCFC performance was also investigated by employing a eutectic mixture of lithium and potassium carbonates as carbon additives. In the absence of carbonates, the optimum performance (similar to 10 mW cm(-2) at 800 degrees C), was achieved by employing 20 wt.% Co/CeO2 as anodic electrode and pure CO2 as purging gas. An inferior behavior was demonstrated by utilizing He instead of CO2 atmosphere in anode compartment and by increasing purging gas flow rate. Carbonates infusion into lignite feedstock resulted in a further increase of maximum power density up to 32%. The obtained findings are discussed based also on AC impedance spectroscopy measurements, which revealed the impact of DCFC operating parameters on both ohmic and electrode resistances. Copyright (C) 2015, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.