This article aims to introduce biodiesel as a possible solution, describing its evolution in Brazilian energy. It was concluded that the use of biodiesel leads to several advantages, such as significant reductions in rates of emission of some greenhouse gases and wide job creation and social inclusion in the poorest regions of the country. Besides the aspects already mentioned, within a national situation of growing imports of diesel oil and with oil prices rising, the article shows that biodiesel becomes an interesting alternative, reducing diesel imports and resulting products, thus enabling development in other industrial chains.