The physical properties of carbon black-filled rubbers are affected mainly by the distribution of filler, carbon black properties and polymer-filler interactions. A number of experimental methods and approaches for characterization of the dispersion state of filler in rubber-carbon black composites and an investigation of polymer-filler interactions are reviewed. The dispersion state characterization, electrical conductivity measurements, bound rubber evaluations, mechanical properties measurements, carbon black surface properties study, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are among the most important ones.