Desalination, Vol.371, 126-133, 2015
1-Cyclohexylpiperidine as a thermolytic draw solute for osmotically driven membrane processes
The switchable polarity solvent (SPS) 1-cyclohexylpiperidine (GIP) was demonstrated as a viable draw solute for osmotically driven membrane processes. The SPS draw solution was formed from a heterogeneous mixture of water and water immiscible CHP was exposed to carbon dioxide to form concentrated aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solution with high osmotic pressure (>500 atm). The free amine and ammonium bicarbonate solution has been demonstrated to be compatible with a polyamide thin film composite membrane through a variety of transport experiments. The reverse solute flux, J(s), of CHP appears to occur by a different mechanism than the water flux J(W). This difference suggests that J(s) could be minimized in future membranes without impacting J(W). To demonstrate product water recovery, the solution was "degassed" removing carbon dioxide and converting the aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solute to a water immiscible CHP which can be decanted from water. Effective degassing ammonium bicarbonate solutions at low concentrations occurs at the lowest temperature of any SPS yet studied as a draw solute (70 degrees C) and possibly at the lowest temperature of any thermolytic amine studied as a draw solute. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Forward osmosis;Desalination;Switchable polarity solvents;Draw solution;Osmotically driven membrane process