This work is devoted to modification of road asphalt with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. The mechanisms of change in physicochemical properties of modified asphalts and characteristics of asphalt concrete pavements based on the copolymer-modified asphalt and its content in the binder are deciphered. Modification of the organic binder with EVA copolymer improves the low-temperature and adhesion properties of the asphalt, reduces penetrability and extensibility, and raises softening temperature. Increase in content of vinyl acetate groups in the EVA copolymer from 12.5 to 28% leads to enhancement of deformation resistance and adhesion properties of the copolymer, which is reflected also in the properties of the polymer-asphalt composites. There is a marked change in the asphalt penetration: the higher the EVA concentration and the content of vinyl acetate groups in it, the lower the penetration.