From the conversion of lignocellulose into ethylene an up three times higher added value is producible compared to bioethanol. Precondition is the direct access to bioethylene without preceding isolation of ethanol. This was accomplished through a pretreatment of wheat straw with caustic soda. In the subsequent simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with the cellulose complex from Penicillium verruculosum ethanol concentrations up to 13vol% are obtained when using Saccharomyces cerevisiae L13. Stripping the fermentation broth with N-2 yields ethylene in quantitative amounts without additional work-up and purification procedures, when dehydrating crude ethanol over ZSM-5.