Taurine (Tau) is used in clinical treatments but its protection of brains against aluminum-induced oxidative damage has been explored for the first time. The positive effect of Tau was studied on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and ATPase. Aluminum (Al) intake caused significant increasement of malondialdehyde (MDA) but reduction of the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Na+K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase in brain compared to control group (P < 0.05). Tau administration, however, significantly reduced the MDA content, and increased the activities of aforementioned enzymes (P < 0.05). The MDA content was higher and the activities of GSH-Px, Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase lower in the blood of the Al-treated group' (P < 0.05), while Tau markedly decreased MDA content and improved the activities of GSH-Px and Ca2+-ATPase (P < 0.05). Tau may play a crucial role in the protection of antioxidant system and ATPase against Al-induced toxicity in brain and blood of rats.