Hardening of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with laser surface melting (LSM) and laser surface alloying (LSA) techniques was attempted. Both LSM and LSA were carried out in a nitrogeneous atmosphere. Niobium, molybdenum and zirconium were used as alloying elements in the LSA. A hardness increase was observed for both LSM and LSA. Maximum hardness was obtained for LSM and zirconium alloy addition. In LSM, hardness increased almost three-fold in comparison to the substrate, which has a Vickers hardness of 350, by the formation of TiN in the region of 100 mum melt depth. Hardness then decreased slowly and reached a minimum of 580 VHN at the maximum melt depth of 750 mum. However, hardness for the zirconium alloy addition was uniform throughout the melted zone. Ageing treatments were performed for all specimens at 450-degrees-C and different ageing times. Hardness measurements and X-ray diffraction were utilized to delineate the features associated with the hardening of the melted zone.