화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.33, 115-121, January, 2016
DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2015.09.029  Export Citation
Characterization and mechanism of the adsorptive removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by biochar prepared from sugarcane baggase
S. Mubarik1, 2, A. Saeed1, †, M.M. Athar2, and M. Iqbal1, 3
  • 1Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
  • 2Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
  • 3Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
E-mail:
Biochar from sugarcane baggase was prepared by heating at high temperature for 20 min. Surface properties of the biochar were determined by Boehm titrations and FTIR. Biochar has 50.47% fixed carbon having methylene blue surface area of 361.77 m2/g. SEM image revealed that biochar has cylindrical, well shaped porous structures that increase surface area for adsorption. Operational parameters for 2,4,6-TCP adsorption were optimized. The experimental qmax was found to be 253.38 mg/g. Biochar removed 2,4,6-TCP in the presence of multiple pollutants. The functional moieties present on biochar showed their affinity for 2,4,6-TCP ≠ methylene blue > phenol > mercury.
Keywords:Biochar;2,4,6-trichlorophenol;Competitive removal;SEM;Sugarcane baggase
  1. Silva CD, Gomez J, Beristain-Cardoso R, Bioresour. Technol., 102(11), 6464 (2011)
  2. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Publication EPA/540/2-88/004, US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Washington, DC, 1988.
  3. Industrial Wastewater Research Summary (IWRS), No. EPA-600/8-10-026, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1990.
  4. Bayramoglu G, Gursel I, Tunali Y, Arica MY, Bioresour. Technol., 100(10), 2685 (2009)
  5. Tan IAW, Ahmad AL, Hameed BH, J. Hazard. Mater., 153(1-2), 709 (2008)
  6. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), CAS ID #:74-87-3, 120-83-2, 2013 hwww.atsdr.cdc.govi (accessed date April 02, 2013).
  7. Hameed BH, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 307, 45 (2007)
  8. Radhika M, Palanivelu K, J. Hazard. Mater., 138(1), 116 (2006)
  9. Tzou YM, Wang SL, Liu JC, Huang YY, Chen JH, J. Hazard. Mater., 152(2), 812 (2008)
  10. Joseph CG, Puma GL, Bono A, Taufiq-Yap YH, Krishnaiah D, Desalination, 276(1-3), 303 (2011)
  11. Wang JP, Feng HM, Yu HQ, J. Hazard. Mater., 144(1-2), 200 (2007)
  12. Denizli A, Cihangir N, Tuzmen N, Alsancak G, Bioresour. Technol., 96(1), 59 (2005)
  13. Bulbul G, Aksu Z, Turk. J. Eng. Environ. Sci., 21, 175 (1997)
  14. Gao RY, Wang JL, J. Hazard. Mater., 145(3), 398 (2007)
  15. Guymont FJ, in: Suffet IH, McGuire MJ (Eds.), Activated Carbon Adsorption of Organics from the Aqueous Phase, vol. 2, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI, 1980 (Chapter 23).
  16. Kalderis D, Koutoulakis D, Paraskeva P, Diamadopoulos E, Otal E, del Valle JO, Fernandez-Pereira C, Chem. Eng. J., 144(1), 42 (2008)
  17. Suzuki RM, Andrade AD, Sousa JC, Rollemberg MC, Bioresour. Technol., 98(10), 1985 (2007)
  18. El Nemr A, Khaled A, Abdelwahab O, El-Sikaily A, J. Hazard. Mater., 152(1), 263 (2008)
  19. Omri A, Benzina M, Ammar N, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19(6), 2092 (2013)
  20. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT). www.faostat3.fao.org. 2013, (last access date, December 07, 2013)
  21. Dreher ML, Handbook of Dietary Fiber, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 1987.
  22. Horwitz W, Official Methods of Analysis, 18th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), WA, USA, 2012.
  23. Kurschner K, Hanak A, Z. Unters. Lebensm., 59, 484 (1930)
  24. Goering HK, Soest PJV, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, USA, 1975p. 1.
  25. ISI, IS 877, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India, 1989.
  26. Eaton AD, Clesceri LS, Greenberg AE, Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed., APHA, Washington, DC, 2005.
  27. Vogel AI, A Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, 3rd ed., ELBS, London, 1969.
  28. Boehm HP, Carbon, 40, 145 (2002)
  29. Saeed A, Iqbal M, Holl WH, J. Hazard. Mater., 168(2-3), 1467 (2009)
  30. Mubarik S, Saeed A, Mehmood Z, Iqbal M, J. Tai. Inst. Chem. Eng., 43, 926 (2012)
  31. Hameed BH, Tan IAW, Ahmad AL, Chem. Eng. J., 144(2), 235 (2008)
  32. Hamdaoui O, Naffrechoux E, J. Hazard. Mater., 147(1-2), 401 (2007)
  33. Hank D, Azi Z, Hocine SA, Chaalal O, Hellal A, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20(4), 2256 (2014)
  34. Jung M, Ahn K, Lee Y, Kim K, Rhee J, Park JT, Paeng K, Microchem. J., 70, 123 (2001)
  35. Ren L, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhang CL, Chem. Eng. J., 168(2), 553 (2011)
  36. Fan JL, Zhang JA, Zhang CL, Ren LA, Shi QQ, Desalination, 267(2-3), 139 (2011)
  37. Namasivayam C, Kavitha D, J. Hazard. Mater., 98(1-3), 257 (2003)
  38. Lagergren S, Handlinger, 24, 1 (1898)
  39. Ho YS, McKay G, Chem. Eng. J., 70(2), 115 (1998)
  40. Kumar NS, Woo HS, Min K, Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces, 94, 125 (2012)
  41. Hashemian S, Salari K, Yazdi ZA, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20(4), 1892 (2014)
  42. Yaneva Z, Koumanova B, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 293(2), 303 (2006)
  43. Hammed BH, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 307, 45 (2007)
  44. Langmuir I, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1361 (1918)
  45. Freundlich HMF, Z. Phys. Chem-Leipzig., 57A, 385 (1906)
  46. Tan IAW, Ahmad AL, Hameed BH, J. Hazard. Mater., 164(2-3), 473 (2009)
  47. Graham D, Contribution No. 179 from Jackson Labortary, vol. 59, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Delaware, 1955 (900 896).
  48. Mattson JS, Mark HB, Malbin MD, Webber WJ, Crittenden JC, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 31, 116 (1969)
  49. Srivastva SK, Tyagi R, Water Res., 29, 483 (1995)