A single process plant throughput rate to achieve a certain recovery at a certain cost is often assumed over the life of a resource project for strategic planning purposes. The process plant throughput-recovery relationship that exists for each ore type can and should be exploited for the purpose of creating additional economic value within the resource plan. This paper investigates the impact on Net Present Value (NPV) of strategic resource plans when allowing a fluctuating process plant throughput rate over the life of a base metals operation in comparison to only considering a single fixed throughput rate for a given plant size configuration. The metallurgical throughput-recovery relationship is confirmed as being an important factor in planning the extraction of the resource to feed a given process plant affixed size since this impacts heavily upon the production schedule and therefore the NPV of the project. Mathematical programming to better aid the decision making process is investigated in comparison to traditional manual approaches to thus help determine the best throughput rate to use in each period. Results suggest that it would, seem reasonable to expect an increase of around 4.0% in NPV when allowing a fluctuating process plant throughput rate over a single fixed throughput rate over the life of a midsize underground operation when using a mathematical programming approach. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.