Removal of impurity elements in copper metallurgy is one of the major problems encountered today since pure copper ore reserves are becoming exhausted and the resources of unexploited ores often contain relatively high amounts of impurity elements like antimony, arsenic, mercury and bismuth, which need to be eliminated. The present work is aimed at pre-treating a tetrahedrite rich complex sulphide concentrate by selective dissolution of the impurities, therefore, upgrading it for pyrometallurgical processing. To accomplish this, dissolution of antimony and arsenic by an alkaline sulphide lixiviant from the concentrate were investigated. The lixiviant proved selective and effective to dissolve these impurity elements from the concentrate with good recoveries. Further investigations on the factors influencing the leaching efficiency of the lixiviant were studied. The parameters considered were sulphide ion and hydroxide ion concentrations, mineral particle size, reaction temperature and leaching time. Analysis of the leach residue indicates that copper content of tetrahedrite has transformed into copper sulphides with the average chemical formula Cu(1.64)S. The grade and economic value of the concentrate were improved greatly after sulphide treatment, and therefore, suitable as a feedstock for smelting. The impurities have been reduced to low levels which are tolerable in the smelting furnace and consequently reduce both the treatment and environmental problem encountered when such concentrate is processed pyrometallurgically. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.