Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.136, No.36, 12737-12745, 2014
Swelling of Polyelectrolyte and Polyzwitterion Brushes by Humid Vapors
Swelling behavior of polyelectrolyte and polyzwitterion brushes derived from poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) in water vapor is investigated using a combination of neutron and X-ray reflectivity and spectroscopic ellipsometry over a wide range of relative humidity (RH) levels. The extent of swelling depends strongly on the nature of the side-chain chemistry. For parent PDMAEMA, there is an apparent enrichment of water vapor at the polymer/air interface. Despite extensive swelling at high humidity level, no evidence of charge repulsion is found in weak or strong polyelectrolyte brushes. Polyzwitterionic brushes swell to a greater extent than the quaternized brushes studied. However, for RH levels beyond 70%, the polyzwitterionic brushes take up less water molecules, leading to a decline in water volume fraction from the maximum of similar to 0.30 down to similar to 0.10. Using a gradient in polymer chain grafting density (sigma), we provide evidence that this behavior stems from the formation of inter- and intramolecular zwitterionic complexes.