Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol.461, No.1-2, 167-173, 1999
A quantitative discrimination between anion insertion- and surface redox-reactions at graphite with the rotating ring/disk-electrode
Graphite intercalation compounds of the acceptor type (A-CIC's) in aprotic electrolytes are of interest as positives for rechargeable batteries due to their high reversibility and the very positive potential. However, the latter may induce oxidative decomposition of the solvent molecules and of the graphite. Protons are injected into the electrolyte in this case. It is possible to evaluate these side reactions through measurements at the rotating ring/disk-electrode (RRDE). The disk was made from graphite, the ring is Pt. At the ring protons were reduced to H-2 at a half wave potential of -0.25 V versus SSCE. These measurements showed that the stabilities of the solvents decrease in the following order: propylenecarbonate (PC) > sulfolane > acetonitrile > ethylenecarbonate/PC > butyrolacetone > 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. This parallels roughly the current efficiency of a polypyrrole (-)/GIC (+)-battery, but not the positive limit of the electrochemical window of a Pt-anode.
Keywords:PROPYLENE CARBONATE;ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION;INTERCALATIONCOMPOUNDS;POLYPYRROLE;OVEROXIDATION;PLATINUM;BATTERY;LITHIUM;CELLS;RING