The endophytic actinomycete F4-20 was isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. and was confirmed to produce wilforgine, a secondary metabolite discovered in its host. F4-20 showed a close phylogenetic relationship to Streptomyces species. To seek elicitors that may enhance the production of wilforgine in F4-20, four plant stress molecules were applied to the in vitro liquid cultures. Results showed that methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibited bacterial growth, whereas glutathione (GSH) treatment significantly increased bacterial growth. The wilforgine contents in the mycelia of F4-20 were reduced by MeJA and GSH but were induced by SA and H2O2. When added in the end of the culture period (7 day), 1 mM SA and 5 mM H2O2 resulted in 69.35 +/- A 1.71 and 71.80 +/- A 3.35 A mu g/g DW of wilforgine production, 1.55 and 1.60 fold to that of control (44.83 +/- A 1.35 A mu g/g DW), respectively. Though this improved production was about 6.5 times lower than that of the natural root (454.00 A mu g/g dry root bark), it provided an alternative method for the production of valuable plant secondary metabolites.