Characteristics, trends and consequences of global energy consumption along with the disparity amongst nations regarding energy consumption, wealth and human development are discussed. The connection between energy consumption, wealth and human development is shown and the impact of this connection on the future of energy demand and supply is explored taking into consideration the projected increase in population. It is posited that increased international awareness and effort is needed to put in place realistic plans to address the socio-economic problems that will be faced as the competition for the already strained energy resources increases over the coming decades. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.