Fast activation of natural biomasses by microwave heating

Ayman A. Issa; Yahya S. Al-Degs; Kholoud Mashal; Ramia Z. Al Bakain

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.21, 230-238, January, 2015

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2014.02.029 Export Citation

Fast activation of natural biomasses by microwave heating

Ayman A. Issa, Yahya S. Al-Degs^†, Kholoud Mashal¹, and Ramia Z. Al Bakain²

Chemistry Department, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
¹Department of Land Management and Environment, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, P.O. Box 11942, Amman, Jordan

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Microwave was effectively applied as a fast heating tool for activating two natural biomasses, pine wood and Arabica coffee residues. The heated biomasses were tested for removing four food dyes: Allura Red E129, Sunset Yellow E110, Tartrazine E102, and Brilliant Black E151 from solution. The biomasses were heated by 2.45 GHz microwaves at different input powers 200-1000Wfor 8 min. The results indicated that heating at high input powers is necessary to activate biomasses and to enhance dyes adsorption. Dielectrical properties (dielectric constant e0 , dielectric loss e00 , tangent loss tan d, and penetration depth dp) indicated that Arabica coffee is a better microwave absorber leading to significant structural damage when heating at high input powers. Microwave-heated pine wood showed a better performance for dyes removal compare to coffee residue. Heating at 1000W is not recommended for both biomasses where oxidation reactions destroyed the structure of the materials. Moreover, microwave heating for long times had a bad influence on dyes removal. %Removal.adsorption capacity plot indicated that 0.8 and 1.0 g/100 mL is the optimum adsorbent dosage for E110 and E129, respectively. Analysis by Langmuir equation revealed that saturation values were 9.3 and 7.2 mg/g for E110 and E129 at pH 2.0 and 25 ℃, receptively. Dyes removal by microwave-heated wood was a fast process and more than 90% of adsorbent’s capacity was utilised within 30 min.

Keywords:Microwave heating;Biomass;Toxic dyes;Adsorption;Surface activation

[References]

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Zhang ZY, Qu WW, Peng JH, Zhang LB, Ma XY, Zhang ZB, Li W, Desalination, 249(1), 247 (2009)
Menendez J, Menendez E, Garcia A, Parra J, Pis J, J. Microwave Power, EE 34, 137 (1999)
Mudgett RE, Food Technol., 40, 84 (1986)
Magee T, McMinn W, Farrell G, Topley L, Al-Degs YS, Khraisheh M, Walker G, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 111, 2157 (2013)
Kim MK, Morgan MT, Okos MR, Stroshine RL, J. Microwave Power, EE 33, 184 (1998)
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Walker GM, Andrews G, Jones D, Powder Technol., 165(3), 161 (2006)
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Al-Degs YS, El-Barghouthi M, El-Sheikh AH, Walker G, Dyes Pigment., 77, 16 (2008)
Carrott P, Nabais J, Carrott M, Menendez J, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 47, 243 (2001)
Guo J, Lua A, Carbon, 38, 1985 (2000)
Issa A, Al-Degs YS, Jordan J. Chem., 4, 89 (2009)
Kappe CO, Stadler A, Microwaves in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, First ed., Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2005.
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[Referenced By]

[1] Farkhani M, Baudu M, Water Res., 28, 1609 (1994)

[2] de Sales PF, Magriotis ZM, Rossi MA, Tartuci LG, Papini RM, Viana PRM, J. Environ. Manage., 128, 480 (2013)

[3] Panda AK, Mishra BG, Mishra DK, Singh RK, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 363, 98 (2010)

[4] Menendez JA, Arenillas A, Fidalgo B, Fernandez Y, Zubizarreta L, Calvo EG, Bermudez JM, Fuel Process. Technol., 91(1), 1 (2010)

[5] Thostenson ET, Chou TW, Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 30, 1055 (1999)

[6] Zhang ZY, Qu WW, Peng JH, Zhang LB, Ma XY, Zhang ZB, Li W, Desalination, 249(1), 247 (2009)

[7] Menendez J, Menendez E, Garcia A, Parra J, Pis J, J. Microwave Power, EE 34, 137 (1999)

[8] Mudgett RE, Food Technol., 40, 84 (1986)

[9] Magee T, McMinn W, Farrell G, Topley L, Al-Degs YS, Khraisheh M, Walker G, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 111, 2157 (2013)

[10] Kim MK, Morgan MT, Okos MR, Stroshine RL, J. Microwave Power, EE 33, 184 (1998)

[11] Nelson SO, J. Food Eng., 21, 365 (1994)

[12] Walker GM, Andrews G, Jones D, Powder Technol., 165(3), 161 (2006)

[13] Ndife MK, Sumnu G, Bayindirli L, Food Res. Int., 31, 43 (1998)

[14] Ho YS, McKay G, Process Saf. Environ. Protect., 76(2), 183 (1998)

[15] Kyzas GZ, Materials, 5, 2069 (2012)

[16] Official Journal of the European Union L295 Legislations. Volume 54, 2011.

[17] Perez-Urquiza M, Beltran J, J. Chromatogr. A, 917, 331 (2001)

[18] Al-Degs YS, El-Barghouthi M, El-Sheikh AH, Walker G, Dyes Pigment., 77, 16 (2008)

[19] Carrott P, Nabais J, Carrott M, Menendez J, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 47, 243 (2001)

[20] Guo J, Lua A, Carbon, 38, 1985 (2000)

[21] Issa A, Al-Degs YS, Jordan J. Chem., 4, 89 (2009)

[22] Kappe CO, Stadler A, Microwaves in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, First ed., Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2005.

[23] Hesas RH, Daud WMW, Sahu JN, Arami-Niya A, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 100, 1 (2013)

[24] Trugo LC, Macrae R, Food Chem., 15, 219 (1984)