환경샘플 내 화학작용제 및 분해물질 분석을 위한 Liquid Phase Microextraction (LPME) 전처리 기법

김동욱; 정우영; 계영식; Dongwook Kim; Wooyoung Chung; Youngsik Kye

Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol.26, No.1, 17-22, February, 2015

Liquid-phase Microextraction Pretreatment Techniques for Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Degradation Byproducts in Environmental Aqueous Samples

김동욱^†, 정우영, 계영식

육군사관학교 물리화학과

Dongwook Kim^†, Wooyoung Chung, and Youngsik Kye

Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy (KMA), Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-799, South Korea

E-mail:

초록

2013년 시리아 내전 간 사용되어 1,300명 이상의 사망자를 발생시킨 사린(GB) 등의 화학무기로 인해 화학무기에 대한 국제적 관심이 다시 한번 높아지게 되었다. 화학작용제는 자연환경에 노출이 되면 가수분해(hydrolysis) 또는 광분해 (photodegradation) 과정을 거쳐 분해물질로 분해된다. 화학작용제 및 분해물질(가수분해 또는 산화된 생성물)은 통상수 ppb 정도의 낮은 농도로 존재하기 때문에 정확한 샘플분석을 위해서는 화학작용제 및 분해물질을 환경샘플로부터 분리, 추출, 농축시키는 전처리 과정이 필요하다. 용매추출법(LLE), 고체상 추출법(SPE) 등이 화학작용제의 전처리 방법으로 많이 사용되나 최근에는 사용되는 용매의 양은 줄이면서 분석효율은 높일 수 있는 liquid phase microextraction (LPME)이 개발 적용되고 있다. 본 리뷰에서는 화학작용제 및 그 분해물질의 전처리에 활용된 LPME 전처리 기법에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

International interests in chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have been increased recently because of the use of sarin (GB) in Syrian civil war which caused around 1,300 casualties in 2013. After exposing to natural environments, CWAs undergo hydrolysis or photodegrade to non-toxic degradation byproducts. Generally, CWAs and their degradation byproducts are present at very low concentration (e.g. several ppb), thus pretreatment processes including separation, extraction and concentration are required prior to any analyses. Liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE) are common techniques to pretreat environmental samples. Recently, a novel pretreatment method, liquid phase miecoextraction (LPME), has been applied to CWAs analysis, which could reduce amounts of solvent used but promote analytical efficiencies. Fundamental backgrounds of LPME and its application to CWAs analysis were reviewed.

Keywords:Liquid phase microextraction;chemical warfare agents;pretreatment;degradation byproducts

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[3] Lakso HA, Ng WF, Anal. Chem., 69, 1866 (1997)

[4] Palit M, Pardasani D, Gupta AK, Dubey DK, Anal. Chem., 77, 711 (2005)

[5] Liu Y, Zhao E, Zhou Z, Anal. Lett., 39, 2333 (2006)

[6] Park YG, Kim SK, Choi K, Son BH, Park JS, Kang HK, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 30, 49 (2009)

[7] Kocurova L, Balogh IS, Andruch V, J. Sep. Sci., 36, 3758 (2013)

[8] Prosen H, Molecules, 19, 6776 (2014)

[9] Yan Y, Chen X, Hu S, Bai X, J. Chromatogr. A, 1368, 1 (2014)

[10] Farajzadeh MA, Sorouraddin SM, Mogaddam MRA, Microchim. Acta, 181, 829 (2014)

[11] Jain A, Verma KK, Anal. Chim. Acta, 706, 37 (2011)

[12] Kailasa SK, Mehta VN, Wu HF, RSC Adv., 4, 16188 (2014)

[13] Xu L, Lee HK, in Compr. Sampl. Sample Prep., 3, 603 (2012)

[14] Park YK, Chung WY, Kim B, Kye YS, Shin MS, Kim D, Chromatographia, 76, 679 (2013)

[15] Dubey DK, Pardasani D, Gupta AK, Palit M, Kanaujia PK, Tak V, J. Chromatogr. A, 1107, 29 (2006)

[16] Lee HSN, Basheer C, Lee HK, J. Chromatogr. A, 1124, 91 (2006)

[17] Pardasani D, Kanaujia PK, Gupta AK, Tak V, Shrivastava RK, Dubey DK, J. Chromatogr. A, 1141, 151 (2007)

[18] Tak V, Pardasani D, Kanaujia PK, Dubey DK, J. Chromatogr. A, 1216, 4319 (2009)

[19] Lee HSN, Sng MT, Basheer C, Lee HK, J. Chromatogr. A, 1148, 8 (2007)

[20] Lee HSN, Sng MT, Basheer C, Lee HK, J. Chromatogr. A, 1196, 125 (2008)

[21] Desoubries C, Chapuis-Hugon F, Bossee A, Pichon V, J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life. Sci., 900, 48 (2012)

[22] Xiong J, Hu B, J. Chromatogr. A, 1193, 7 (2008)

[23] Cheh MY, Chua HC, Hopkins FB, Riches JR, Timperley CM, Lee HSN, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 406, 5103 (2014)

[24] Vijaya Saradhi UVR, Prabhakar S, Jagadeshwar Reddy T, Murty MRVS, J. Chromatogr. A, 1157, 391 (2007)

[25] Wu J, Lee HK, Anal. Chem., 78, 7292 (2006)

[26] Black RM, Muir B, J. Chromatogr. A, 1000, 253 (2003)

[27] Saradhi UVRV, Prabhakar S, Reddy TJ, Vairamani M, J. Chromatogr. A, 1129, 9 (2006)

[28] Chinthakindi S, Purohit A, singh V, Tak V, Dubey DK, Pardasani D, J. Chromatogr. A, 1359, 325 (2014)

[29] Chinthakindi S, Purohit A, Singh V, Dubey DK, Pardasani D, J. Chromatogr. A, 1311, 170 (2013)

[30] Palit M, Mallard G, J. Chromatogr. A, 1218, 5393 (2011)

[31] Subramaniam R, Ostin A, Nilsson C, Astot C, J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life. Sci., 928, 98 (2013)

[32] Xu L, Gong XY, Lee HK, Hauser PC, J. Chromatogr. A, 1205, 158 (2008)