화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.32, No.1, 1-14, January, 2015
DOI10.1007/s11814-014-0286-x  Export Citation
Fe (III) reduction strategies of dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria
Jacintha Esther1, 2, Lala Behari Sukla1, 2, †, Nilotpala Pradhan1, 2, and Sandeep Panda1
  • 1CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar-751013, Odisha, India
  • 2Academy of Council of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
E-mail:
Advances in applied and industrial microbial biotechnology have opened up many new avenues for application of several microorganisms. A group of certain metal reducers such as the dissimilatory iron reducing microorganisms possess an inherent potential to reduce oxidized metals under strict anaerobic/facultative anaerobic condition, thereby opening possibilities to combat environmental pollution. This unique property has invited researchers towards understanding the metabolic regulatory pathways that enables the microbes to thrive under extreme environmental conditions. Currently, dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria (DIRB) is in the focus of researchers to elucidate the specific mechanisms responsible for microbial metal reduction. The recent advances towards understanding the metabolism of iron reduction in Shewanella and Geobacter, the model DIRB has been covered in this review. It is believed that the metabolic insights into the Fe (III) reduction systems of the model DIRB; Shewanella and Geobacter (as discussed in the review) can be a basis for metabolic engineering to provide improved practical applications. With the advancement of our existing knowledge on the metabolic processes of the model iron reducers, applications ranging from laboratory to field scale practices can be carried out. DIRB has gained immense interest for its application in the field of bioremediation, electrobiosynthesis, and bioelectronics in this decade. It can therefore be anticipated that the forthcoming years will see more applications of microbial iron reducers based on the existing as well as advanced metabolic informations available in open source literature.
Keywords:Dissimilatory Iron Reducing Bacteria;Shewanella;Geobacter;Metabolism;Applications
  1. Weber KA, Achenbach LA, Coates JD, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 4, 752 (2006)
  2. Lovley DR, Philips EJP, Lonergan DJ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 1062 (1991)
  3. Nealson KH, Saffarini D, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 48, 311 (1994)
  4. Zhang C, Vali H, Romanek CS, Phelps TJ, Liu S, American Mineralogist, 83, 1409 (1998)
  5. Lovley DR, Giovanmoni SJ, White DC, Champine J, Phillips EJP, Gorby YA, Goodwin S, Arch. Microbiol., 159, 336 (1993)
  6. Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM, Kennedy DW, Dong H, Onstott TC, Hinman NW, Li S, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 62, 3239 (1998)
  7. Zachara JM, Kukkadapu RK, Fredrickson JK, Gorby YA, Smith SC, Geomicrobiol. J., 19, 179 (2002)
  8. Nealson KH, Myers CR, American J. Sci., 220, 35 (1990)
  9. Lovley D, Phillips E, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54, 1472 (1988)
  10. Gralnick JA, Newman DK, Mol. Microbiol., 65, 1 (2007)
  11. Franks AE, Malvankar N, Nevin KP, Biofuels, 1, 589 (2010)
  12. Thormann KM, Saville RM, Shukla S, Pelletier DA, Spormann AM, J. Bacteriol., 186, 8096 (2004)
  13. Richter K, Schicklberger M, Gescher J, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78, 913 (2012)
  14. Cologgi DL, Lampa-Pastirk S, Speers AM, Kelly SD, Reguera G, Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA, 108, 15248 (2011)
  15. Rollefson JB, Stephen CS, Tien M, Bond DR, J. Bacteriol., 193, 1023 (2011)
  16. Cao B, Shi L, Brown RN, Xiong Y, Fredrickson JK, Romine MF, Marshall MJ, Lipton MS, Beyenal H, Environ. Microbiol., 13, 1018 (2011)
  17. Brutinel ED, Gralnick JA, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 93(1), 41 (2012)
  18. Venkateswaran K, Moser DP, Dollhopf ME, Lies DP, Saffarini DA, MacGregor BJ, Ringelberg DB, White DC, Nishijima M, Sano H, Burghardt J, Stackebrandt E, Nealson KH, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 49(2), 705 (1999)
  19. Mahadevan R, Palsson B, Lovley DR, Nat. Rev., 9, 39 (2011)
  20. Shelobolina ES, Nevin KP, Blakeney-Hayward JD, Johnsen CV, Plaia TW, Krader P, Woodard T, Holmes DE, Vanpraagh CG, Lovley DR, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 57, 126 (2007)
  21. Slobodkina GB, Kolganova TV, Querellou J, Bonch-Osmolovskaya EA, Slobodkin AI, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 59, 2880 (2009)
  22. Coates JD, Ellis DJ, Gaw CV, Lovley DR, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 49, 1615 (1999)
  23. Greene AC, Patel BKC, Yacob S, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 59, 781 (2009)
  24. Greene AC, Patel BKC, Sheehy AJ, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 47, 505 (1997)
  25. Kanso S, Anthony G, Bharat PC, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 52, 869 (2002)
  26. Kusel K, Dorsch T, Acker G, Stackebrandt E, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65, 3633 (1999)
  27. Ma C, Zhuang L, Zhou SG, Yang GQ, Yuan Y, Xu RX, J. Appl. Microbiol., 112(5), 883 (2012)
  28. Venkateswaran K, Dollhopf ME, Aller R, Stackebrandt E, Nealson KH, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 48, 965 (1998)
  29. Hyun M, Kim B, Chang I, Park H, Kim H, Kim G, Kim M, Park D, J. Microbiol., 37, 206 (1999)
  30. Lee J, Roh Y, Kim K, Hur H, Geomicrobiol. J., 24, 31 (2007)
  31. Roh Y, Gao H, Vali H, Kennedy DW, Yang ZK, Gao W, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72, 3236 (2006)
  32. Stapleton RD, Sabree ZL, Palumbo AV, Moyer CL, Devol AH, Roh Y, Zhou J, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 38, 81 (2005)
  33. Wu W, Li B, Hu J, Li J, Wang F, Pan Y, J. Geophys Res., 116, G04034, DOI:10.1029/2011JG001728. (2011)
  34. Xu M, Guo J, Cen Y, Zhong X, Cao W, Sun G, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 55, 363 (2005)
  35. Bowman JP, Mccammon SA, Nichols DS, Skerratt JH, Rea SM, Nichols PD, Mcmeekin TA, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 47, 1040 (1997)
  36. Gao H, Obraztova A, Stewart N, Popa R, Fredrickson JK, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 56, 1911 (2006)
  37. Leonardo MR, Moser DP, Barbieri E, Brantner CA, MacGregor BJ, Paster BJ, Stackebrandt E, Nealson KH, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 49, 1341 (1999)
  38. Nevin KP, Holmes DE, Woodard TL, Hinlein ES, Ostendorf DW, Lovley DR, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 55, 1667 (2005)
  39. Straub KL, Buchholz-Cleven BEE, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 51, 1805 (2001)
  40. Prakash O, Gihring TM, Dalton DD, Chin K, Green SJ, Akob DM, Wanger G, Kostka JE, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 60, 546 (2010)
  41. Sung Y, Fletcher KE, Ritalahti KM, Apkarian RP, Ramos-Hernandez N, Sanford RA, Mesbah NM, Loffler FE, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72, 2775 (2006)
  42. Viulu S, Nakamura K, Okada Y, Saitou S, Takamizawa K, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 63, 442 (2013)
  43. Shelobolina ES, Coppi MV, Korenevsky AA, Didonato LN, Sullivan SA, Konishi H, Xu H, Leang C, Butler JE, Kim BC, Lovley DR, BMC Microbiol., 7, 16 (2007)
  44. Caccavo F, Lonergan DJ, Lovley DR, Davis M, Stolz JF, Mcinerney MJ, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60, 3752 (1994)
  45. Shelobolina ES, Vrionis HA, Findlay RH, Lovley DR, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 58, 1075 (2008)
  46. Nealson KH, Scott J, Ecophysiology of the genus Shewanella, In The Prokaryotes, Ed. M Dworkin, New York, Springer-Verlag (2005)
  47. Tiedje JM, Nat. Biotechnol., 20, 1093 (2002)
  48. Shirodkar S, Reed S, Romine M, Saffarini D, Environ. Microbiol., 13, 108 (2010)
  49. Schwalb C, Chapman SK, Reid GA, Biochem., 42, 9491 (2003)
  50. Heidelberg JF, Paulsen IT, Nelson KE, Gaidos EJ, Nelson WC, Read TD, Eisen JA, Seshadri R, Ward N, Methe B, Clayton RA, Meyer T, Tsapin A, Scott J, Beanan M, Brinkac L, et al, Nat. Biotechnol., 20, 1118 (2002)
  51. Myers CR, Myers JM, J. Bacteriol., 174, 3429 (1992)
  52. Myers CR, Myers JM, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 108, 15 (1993)
  53. Myers CR, Myers JM, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 114, 215 (1993)
  54. Myers CR, Myers JM, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1326, 307 (1997)
  55. Shi L, Squier TC, Zachara JM, Fredrickson JK, Mol. Microbiol., 65, 12 (2007)
  56. Shi L, Rosso KM, Clarke TA, Richardson DJ, Zachara JM, Fredrickson JK, Front Microbiol., 3, 50 (2012)
  57. Coursolle D, Baron DB, Bond DR, Gralnick JA, J. Bacteriol., 192, 467 (2010)
  58. Coursolle D, Gralnick JA, Mol. Microbiol., 77, 995 (2010)
  59. Myers CR, Myers JM, J. Bacteriol., 179, 1143 (1997)
  60. Pitts KE, Dobbin PS, Reyes-Ramirez F, Thomson AJ, Richardson DJ, Seward HE, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 27758 (2003)
  61. Beliaev AS, Saffarini DA, McLaughlin JL, Hunnicutt D, Mol. Microbiol., 39, 722 (2001)
  62. Myers JM, Myers CR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 260 (2001)
  63. Beliaev AS, Saffarini DA, J. Bacteriol., 180, 6292 (1998)
  64. Richardson DJ, Butt JN, Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM, Shi L, Edwards MJ, White GF, Baiden N, Gates AJ, Marritt S, Clarke TA, Mol. Microbiol., 85, 201 (2012)
  65. Bose S, Hochella MF, Gorby YA, Kennedy DW, McCready DE, Madden AS, Lower BH, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73, 962 (2009)
  66. Zargar K, Saltikov CW, Arch. Microbiol., 191, 797 (2009)
  67. Gao HC, Yang ZK, Barua S, Reed SB, Romine MF, Nealson KH, Fredrickson JK, Tiedje JM, Zhou J, ISME J., 3, 966 (2009)
  68. Ross DE, Ruebush SS, Brantley S, Hartshorne RS, Clarke TA, Richardson DJ, Tien M, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73, 5797 (2007)
  69. Qian Y, Paquete CM, Louro RO, Ross DE, Labelle E, Bond DR, Tien M, Biochem., 50, 6217 (2011)
  70. Schuetz B, Schicklberger M, Kuermann J, Spormann AM, Gescher J, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, 7789 (2009)
  71. Fonseca BM, Paquete CM, Neto SE, Pacheco I, Soares CM, Louro RO, Biochem. J., 449, 101 (2013)
  72. Myers JM, Myers CR, J. Bacteriol., 182, 67 (2000)
  73. Cordova CD, Schicklberger MFR, Yu Y, Spormann AM, J. Bacteriol., 193, 2312 (2011)
  74. Hartshorne RS, Jepson BN, Clarke TA, Field SJ, Fredrickson J, Zachara J, Shi L, Butt JN, Richardson DJ, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., 12, 1083 (2007)
  75. Schicklberger M, Bucking C, Schuetz B, Heide H, Gescher J, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 77, 1520 (2011)
  76. Clarke TA, Edwards MJ, Gates AJ, Hall A, White GF, Bradley J, Reardon CL, Shi L, Beliaev AS, Marshall MJ, Wang Z, Watmough NJ, Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM, Butt JN, Richardson DJ, Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA, 108, 9384 (2011)
  77. Hartshorne RS, Reardon CL, Ross D, Nuester J, Clarke TA, Gates AJ, Mills PC, Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM, Shi L, Beliaev AS, Marshall MJ, Tien M, Brantley S, Butt JN, Richardson DJ, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 22169 (2009)
  78. Wang Z, Liu C, Wang X, Marshall MJ, Zachara JM, Rosso KM, Dupuis M, Fredrickson JK, Heald SM, Shi L, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74, 6746 (2008)
  79. Reardon CL, Dohnalkova AC, Nachimuthu P, Kennedy DW, Saffarini DA, Arey BW, Shi L, Wang Z, Moore D, Mclean JS, Moyles D, Marshall MJ, Zachara JM, Fredrickson JK, Beliaev AS, Geobiol., 8, 56 (2010)
  80. Wigginton NS, Rosso KM, Lower BH, Shi L, Hochella MF, Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 71, 543 (2007)
  81. Lower BH, Shi L, Yongsunthon R, Droubay TC, McCready DE, Lower SK, J. Bacteriol., 189, 4944 (2007)
  82. Xiong YJ, Shi L, Chen BW, Mayer MU, Lower BH, Londer Y, Bose S, Hochella MF, Fredrickson JK, Squier TC, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128(43), 13978 (2006)
  83. Lower BH, Lins RD, Oestreicher Z, Straatsma TP, Hochella MF, Shi L, Lower SK, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 3821 (2008)
  84. Lower SK, Hochella MF, Beveridge TJ, Science, 292, 1360 (2001)
  85. Hansel CM, Benner SG, Nico P, Fendorf S, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 3217 (2004)
  86. Ross DE, Brantley SL, Tien M, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, 5218 (2009)
  87. Richter K, Schicklberger M, Gescher J, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78, 913 (2012)
  88. Bird LJ, Bonnefoy V, Newman DK, Trends Microbiol., 19, 330 (2011)
  89. Lovley DR, Holmes DE, Nevin KP, Adv. Microb. Physiol., 49, 219 (2004)
  90. Stams AJ, de Bok FA, Plugge CM, van Eekert MH, Dolfing J, Schraa G, Environ. Microbiol., 8, 371 (2006)
  91. Marsili E, Baron DB, Shikhare ID, Coursolle D, Gralnick JA, Bond DR, Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA, 105, 3968 (2008)
  92. von Canstein H, Ogawa J, Shimizu S, Lloyd JR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74, 615 (2008)
  93. Covington ED, Gelbmann CB, Kotloski NJ, Gralnick JA, Mol. Microbiol., 78, 519 (2010)
  94. Taillefert M, Beckler JS, Carey E, Burns JL, Fennessey CM, DiChristina TJ, J. Inorg. Biochem., 101, 1760 (2007)
  95. Gorby YA, Yanina S, McLean JS, Rosso KM, Dohnalkova DMA, Beveridge TJ, Chang IS, Kim BH, Kim KS, Culley DE, Reed SB, Romine MF, Saffarini DA, Hill EA, Shi L, Elias DA, Kennedy DW, Pinchuk G, Watanabe K, Ishii S, Logan B, Nealson KH, Fredrickson JK, Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA, 103, 11358 (2006)
  96. El-Naggar MY, Wanger G, Leung KM, Yuzvinsky TD, Southam G, Yang J, Lau WM, Nealson KH, Gorby YA, Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA, 107, 18127 (2010)
  97. Fitzgerald LA, Petersen ER, Ray RI, Little BJ, Cooper CJ, Howard EC, Ringeisen BR, Biffinger JC, Process Biochem., 47, 170 (2012)
  98. Bond DR, Holmes DE, Tender LM, Lovley DR, Science, 295, 483 (2002)
  99. Methe BA, Nelson KE, Eisen JA, Paulsen IT, Nelson W, Heidelberg JF, Wu D, Wu M, Ward N, Beanan MJ, Dodson RJ, Madupu R, Brinkac LM, Daugherty SC, De Boy RT, Durkin AS, et al, Science, 302, 1967 (2003)
  100. Coppi MV, Leang C, Sandler SJ, Lovley DR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 3180 (2001)
  101. Lovley DR, Woodward JC, Chapelle FH, Nature, 370(6485), 128 (1994)
  102. Lovley DR, Woodward JC, Chem. Geol., 132, 19 (1996)
  103. Nevin KP, Lovley DR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66, 2248 (2000)
  104. Childers SE, Ciufo S, Lovley DR, Nature, 416, 767 (2002)
  105. Magnuson TS, Isoyama N, Myerson ALH, Davidson G, Maroney MJ, Geesey GG, Lovley DR, Biochem. J., 359, 147 (2001)
  106. Champine JE, Underhill B, Johnston JM, Lilly WW, Goodwin S, Anaerobe, 6, 187 (2000)
  107. Reguera G, McCarthy KD, Mehta T, Nicoll JS, Tuominen MT, Lovley DR, Nature, 435, 1098 (2005)
  108. Morgado L, Bruix M, Pessanha M, Londer YY, Salgueiro CA, Biophy. J., 99, 293 (2010)
  109. Joana MD, Morgado L, Pokkuluri PR, Turner DL, Salgueiro CA, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1827, 484 (2013)
  110. Leang C, Qian X, Mester T, Lovely DR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 4080 (2010)
  111. Esteve-Nunez A, Sosnik J, Visconti P, Lovley DR, Environ. Microbiol., 10, 497 (2008)
  112. Inoue K, Qian X, Morgado L, Kim B, Mester T, Izallalen M, Salgueiro CA, Lovely DR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 3999 (2010)
  113. Nevin KP, Kim BC, Glaven RH, Johnson JP, Woodard TL, Methe BA, Didonato RJ, Covalla SF, Franks AE, Liu A, Lovley DR, PLoS One., 4, 5628 (2009)
  114. Kim BC, Postier BL, Didonato RJ, Chaudhuri SK, Nevin KP, Lovley DR, Bioelectrochemistry, 73, 70 (2008)
  115. Bond DR, Strycharz-Glaven SM, Tender LM, Torres CI, ChemSusChem., 5, 1099 (2012)
  116. Franks AE, Nevin KP, Jia H, Izallalen M, Woodard TL, Lovley DR, Energy Environ. Sci., 2, 113 (2009)
  117. Afkar E, Reguera G, Schiffer M, Lovley DR, BMC Microbiol., 5, 41 (2005)
  118. Mehta T, Childers SE, Glaven R, Lovley DR, Mester T, Microbiol., 152, 2257 (2006)
  119. Holmes DE, Mester T, O’Neil RA, Perpetua LA, Larrahondo MJ, Glaven R, Sharma ML, Ward JE, Nevin KP, Lovley DR, Microbiol., 154, 422 (2008)
  120. Qian X, Reguera G, Mester T, Lovley DR, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 277, 21 (2007)
  121. Malvankar NS, Lovley DR, ChemSusChem., 5, 1039 (2012)
  122. Tremblay P, Aklujkar M, Leang C, Nevin KP, Lovley D, Environ. Microbiol. Rep., 4, 82 (2012)
  123. Nevin KP, Richter H, Covalla SF, Johnson JP, Woodard TL, Orloff AL, Jia H, Zhang M, Lovley DR, Environ. Microbiol., 10, 2505 (2008)
  124. Reguera G, Nevin KP, Nicoll JS, Covalla SF, Woodard TL, Lovley DR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 72, 7345 (2006)
  125. Richter H, Nevin KP, Jia H, Lowy DA, Lovley DR, Tender LM, Energy Environ. Sci., 2, 506 (2009)
  126. Leung KM, Wanger G, El-Naggar MY, Gorby Y, Southam G, Lau WM, Yang J, Nano Lett., 13, 2407 (2013)
  127. Klimes A, Franks AE, Glaven RH, Tran H, Barrett CL, Qiu Y, Zengler K, Lovley DR, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 310, 62 (2010)
  128. Reardon PN, Mueller KT, J. Biol. Chem., 288, 29260 (2013)
  129. Malak RA, Gao ZN, Wishart JF, Isied SS, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126(43), 13888 (2004)
  130. Cordes M, Kottgen A, Jasper C, Jacques O, Boudebous H, Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Eng., 47, 3461 (2008)
  131. Vargas M, Malvankar NS, Tremblay P, Leang C, Smith JA, Patel P, Synoeyenbos-West O, Nevin KP, Lovley DR, mBio, 4, 1 (2013)
  132. Malvankar NS, Vargas M, Nevin KP, Franks AE, Leang C, Kim BC, Inoue K, Mester T, Covalla SF, Johnson JP, Rotello VM, Tuominen MT, Lovley DR, Nat. Nanotechnol., 6(9), 573 (2011)
  133. Richter LV, Doctoral Dissertations Available from Proquest. Paper AAI3465075. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3465075. (2011)
  134. Tremblay PL, Summers ZM, Glaven RH, Nevin KP, Zengler K, Barrett CL, Qiu Y, Palsson BO, Lovley DR, Environ. Microbiol., 13, 13 (2011)
  135. Roden EE, Zachara JM, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 1618 (1996)
  136. Arnold RG, Di Christina TJ, Hoffmann MR, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 32, 1081 (1988)
  137. Royer RA, Dempsey BA, Jeon BH, Burgos WD, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 187 (2004)
  138. Urrutia MM, Roden EE, Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM, Geomicrobiol. J., 15, 269 (1998)
  139. Urrutia MM, Roden EE, Zachara JM, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 4022 (1999)
  140. Roden EE, Urrutia MM, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 1847 (1999)
  141. Royer RA, Burgos WD, Fisher AS, Unz R, Dempsey BA, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1939 (2002)
  142. Roden EE, Urrutia MM, Mann CJ, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66, 1062 (2000)
  143. Parker CW, Wolf JA, Auler AS, Barton HA, Senko JM, Miner, 3, 395 (2013)
  144. Zachara JM, Fredrickson JK, Li S, Kennedy DW, Smith SC, Gassman PL, American Mineralogist, 83, 1426 (1998)
  145. Sukla LB, Esther J, Panda S, Pradhan N, Res. Rev.: J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 3 (2014)
  146. Eisele TC, Gabby KL, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev.: Inter. J., 35, 75 (2014)
  147. Papassiopi N, Vaxevanidou K, Paspaliaris I, Miner. Eng., 23, 25 (2010)
  148. Guo M, Lin Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Appl. Clay Sci., 48, 379 (2010)
  149. Styriakova I, Nova Biotechnologica, 7, 11 (2007)
  150. Eisele TC, ‘‘Direct biohydrometallurgical extraction of iron from ore.’’ US DOE, FG26-03NT41938, DOI:10.2172=877695 (2005)
  151. Pradhan N, Nayak RR, Mishra DK, Priyadarshini E, Sukla LB, Mishra BK, World Environ., 2, 110 (2012)
  152. Esther J, Panda S, Behera SK, Sukla LB, Pradhan N, Mishra BK, Bioresour. Technol., 146, 762 (2013)
  153. Panda S, Rout PC, Sarangi CK, Mishra S, Pradhan N, Mohapatra U, Subbaiah T, Sukla LB, Mishra BK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 31(3), 452 (2014)
  154. Panda S, Sarangi CK, Pradhan N, Subbaiah T, Sukla LB, Mishra BK, Bhatoa GL, Prasad MSR, Ray SK, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 26, 781 (2012)
  155. Heijne AT, Liu F, Weijden RVD, Weijma J, Buisman CJN, Hamelers HVM, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 4376 (2010)
  156. Huang LP, Li TC, Liu C, Quan X, Chen LJ, Wang AJ, Chen GH, Bioresour. Technol., 128, 539 (2013)
  157. Abourached C, Catal T, Liu H, Water Res., 51, 228 (2014)
  158. Zhang BG, Feng CP, Ni JR, Zhang J, Huang WL, J. Power Sources, 204, 34 (2012)
  159. Singhvi, Chhabra, J. Bioremed Biodeg., 4, 5 (2013)
  160. Choi C, Cui Y, Bioresour. Technol., 107, 522 (2012)
  161. Wang Z, Lim B, Choi C, Bioresour. Technol., 102(10), 6304 (2011)
  162. Lim BS, Lu H, Choi C, Liu ZX, Desalination Water Treat., DOI:10.1080/ 19443994. 2014.923191. (2014)
  163. Gorby Y, Caccavo F, Bolton H, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 244 (1998)
  164. Prakash D, Gabani P, Chandel AK, Ronen Z, Singh OV, Microbial. Biotechnol., 6, 349 (2013)
  165. Wildung RE, Gorby YA, Krupka KM, Hess NJ, Li SW, Plymale AE, McKinley JP, Fredrickson JK, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 66, 2451 (2000)
  166. Lloyd JR, Chesnes J, Glasauer S, Bunker DJ, Livens FR, Lovley DR, Geomicrobiol., 19, 103 (2002)
  167. Boukhalfa H, Icopini GA, Reilly SD, Neu MP, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73, 5897 (2007)
  168. Plymale AE, Bailey VL, Fredrickson JK, Heald SM, Buck EC, Shi L, Wang Z, Resch CT, Moore DA, Bolton H, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 2132 (2012)
  169. Payne AN, DiChristina TJ, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 259, 282
  170. Wiatrowski HA, Ward PM, Barkay T, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 6690 (2006)
  171. Daulton TL, Little BJ, Jones-Meehan J, Blom DA, Allard LF, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 71, 556 (2007)
  172. Zhao JS, Manno D, Beaulieu C, Paquet L, Hawari J, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 55, 1511 (2005)
  173. Liu GF, Zhou JT, Meng XM, Fu SQ, Wang J, Jin RF, Lv H, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 97(9), 4187 (2013)
  174. Mathur AK, Majumder CB, Chatterjee S, Roy P, J. Hazard. Mater., 157(2-3), 335 (2008)
  175. Mathur AK, Majumder CB, J. Hazard. Mater., 152(3), 1027 (2008)
  176. Suresh AK, Pelletier DA, Wang W, Broich ML, Moon J, Baohuagu G, Allison DP, Joy DC, Phelps TJ, Doktycz MJ, Acta Biomater., 7, 2148 (2011)
  177. Burgos WD, McDonough JT, Senko JM, Zhang G, Dohnalkova AC, Kelly SD, Gorby Y, Kemner KM, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 72, 4901 (2008)
  178. Jiang S, Lee J, Kim M, Myung NV, Fredrickson JK, Sadowsky MJ, Hur H, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, 6896 (2009)
  179. Ogi T, Saitoh N, Nomura T, Konishi Y, J. Nanopart. Res., 12, 2531 (2010)
  180. De Corte S, Hennebel T, Verschuere S, Cuvelier C, Verstraete W, Boon N, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 86(4), 547 (2011)
  181. DeWindt W, Aelterman P, Verstraete W, Environ. Microbiol., 7, 314 (2005)
  182. Tam K, Ho CT, Lee J, Lai M, Chang CH, Rheem Y, Chen W, Hur H, Myung NV, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 74, 696 (2010)
  183. Ho CT, Kim JW, Kim WB, Song K, Kanaly RA, Sadowsky MJ, Hur H, J. Mater. Chem., 20, 5899 (2010)
  184. Picardal F, Arnold R, Huey B, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61, 8 (1995)
  185. Ward MJ, Fu QS, Rhoads KR, Yeung CHJ, Spormann AM, Criddle CS, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 63(5), 571 (2004)
  186. Logan BE, Regan JM, Trends Microbiol., 14, 512 (2006)
  187. Zhuang K, Ma E, Lovley DR, Mahadevan R, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 109(10), 2475 (2012)
  188. Ortiz-Bernad I, Anderson RT, Vrionis HA, Lovley DR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70, 3091 (2004)
  189. Williams KH, Wilkins MJ, N’Guessan AL, Arey B, Dodova E, Dohnalkova A, Holmes D, Lovley DR, Long PE, Environ. Microbiol. Rep., 5, 444 (2013)
  190. Lovley DR, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 4, 497 (2006)
  191. Lovley DR, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 19, 564 (2008)
  192. Holmes DE, Bond DR, O’Neil RA, Reimers CE, Tender LR, Lovley DR, Microb. Ecol., 48, 178 (2004)
  193. Tender LM, Reimers CE, Stecher HA, Holmes DE, Bond DR, Lowy DA, Pilobello K, Fertig SJ, Lovley DR, Nat. Biotechnol., 20, 821 (2002)
  194. Gregory KB, Sullivan SA, Lovley DR, Poster presentation at 105th American Society for Microbiology General Meeting, Atlanta, GA, USA (2005)
  195. Zhang T, Gannon SM, Nevin KP, Franks AE, Lovley DR, Environ. Microbiol., 12, 1011 (2010)
  196. Zhang T, Bain TS, Nevin KP, Barlett MA, Lovley DR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78, 8304 (2012)
  197. Schleinitz KM, Schmeling S, Jehmlich N, von Bergen M, Harms H, Kleinsteuber S, Voqt C, Fuchs G, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, 3912 (2009)
  198. Yi H, Nevin KP, Kim BC, Franks AE, Klimes A, Tender LM, Lovley DR, Biosens. Bioelectron., 24, 3498 (2009)
  199. Mao L, Verwoerd WS, J. Biol. Eng., 7, 14 (2013)
  200. Parida BK, Panda S, Misra N, Panda PK, Mishra BK, Geomicrobiol. J., 31, 299 (2014)