A modified Monte Carlo Metropolis algorithm is employed to simulate the field-cooling and training dependencies of low-temperature exchange bias (H-E) and coercivity (H-C) in the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers with various antiferromagnetic Neel temperatures (T-N), which are modulated by altering the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling constant (J(AF)). It is found that the smaller the J(AF) value, the more pronounced is the H-E. However, strong cooling fields (H-FC) may also induce a saturated low-temperature H-E value. Interestingly, the low-temperature H-C behaviors with J(AF) and H-FC both exhibit a minimum value corresponding to the steepest change in H-E. The evolutions of microscopic domain walls and domain sizes in the ferromagnetic layer are used to reflect the change in the antiferromagnetic configurations and, thus, to interpret the novel phenomena. On the other hand, H-E in the bilayers with T-N lower than the Curie temperature (T-C) indicates a training effect due to the fact that the antiferromagnetic configurations near the interface which are created partially by their adjacent ferromagnetic layer via interfacial exchange coupling during field cooling are able to be rearranged at low temperature by repeating magnetizing. In other words, the completely frozen antiferromagnetic spins in the bilayers with T-N > T-C at low temperature lack the dynamics to cause the absence of training effect. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.