We present a quasielastic incoherent neutron scattering study of the proton dynamics in phosphoric acid. The nanosecond timescale dynamics is investigated in the solid (down to 2 K) and molten (up to 380 K) state by using neutron backscattering spectroscopy. The results show that proton dynamics, due to a local process already sets on at temperatures as low as 215 K (T-melting = 315 K), as revealed by a Q-independent maximum in the inelastic fixed window temperature scan. The same scans show a second, Q-dependent process starting close to the melting temperature, which arises from a proton diffusion on ns-timescale. In this temperature range, we complementary measured the inelastic spectra. These new data, acquired in an extended Q- and temperature window are compared to existing literature and are found to be consistent with the previously proposed jump diffusion model and PFG-NMR data. Yet we also clearly show that both, fast and slow dynamical processes have to be taken into account in order to describe the complete proton motion, which within a simplified model would result in different jump distances. In addition, the temperature dependence of the static structure factor in a wide temperature range is studied by polarized neutron diffraction, showing that the first short-range order peak hardly changes when going from the melt at 380 K to supercooled liquid and solid below 200 K. Surprisingly, crystallization into two successively different structures is found on heating towards melting. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.