Purpose: Perspective applications of nanocomposites in biomedical applications are investigated in this work by producing intercalated dispersions of clays into a biodegradable polymer matrix. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was selected being produced from renewable resources and approved by the Food and Drug Administration for medical use. In order to improve PLA mechanical properties and to accelerate its degradation, different layered silicate nanoclays are added: montmorillonites and fluorohectorites, without or with organic modifiers. Preparation, characterization, mechanical properties and biodegradation in blood plasma are evaluated. Results: New biodegradable materials were obtained, with improved mechanical properties (Young modulus, Peak stress and Strain at break) and with increased degradation rate (weight loss and lactic acid release). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.