화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.31, No.10, 1766-1772, October, 2014
DOI10.1007/s11814-014-0078-3  Export Citation
Leaching kinetics of neodymium in sulfuric acid of rare earth elements (REE) slag concentrated by pyrometallurgy from magnetite ore
Ho-Sung Yoon, Chul-Joo Kim, Kyung Woo Chung, Jin-Young Lee, Shun Myung Shin, Su-Jeong Lee1, A-Ram Joe1, Se-Il Lee1, and Seung-Joon Yoo1, †
  • Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 124, Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
  • 1Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Seonam University, 7-111, Pyeongchon-gil, Songak, Asan 336-922, Korea
E-mail:
We studied the leaching kinetics of recovering neodymium in sulfuric acid from the rare earth elements (REE) slag concentrated by smelting reduction from a magnetite ore containing monazite. The leaching kinetics on neodymium was conducted at a reactant concentration of 1.5 g REE slag per L of 0.3 M H2SO4, agitation of 750 rpm and temperature ranging from 30 to 80 ℃. Neodymium oxide included in the REE slag was completely converted into neodymium sulfate phase (Nd2(SO4)3) in H2SO4 after the leaching of 5 h, 80 ℃. As a result, the leaching mechanism was determined in a two-stage model based on the shrinking core model with spherical particles. The first step was determined by chemical reaction, and the second step was determined by ash layer diffusion because the leaching of REEs by the first chemical reaction increases the formation of the ash layer affecting as a resistance against the leaching. By using the Arrhenius expression, the apparent activation energy of the first chemical reaction step was found to be 9 kJmol^(-1). After the first chemical reaction, leaching reaction rate was determined by the ash layer diffusion. The apparent activation energy of ash layer diffusion was found to be 32 kJmol^(-1).
Keywords:Leaching Kinetics;Magnetite Ore;Combinational Metallurgy;REE Slag;Neodymium Oxide;Neodymium Sulfate;Sulfuric Acid;Shrinking Core Model;Chemical Reaction;Ash Layer Diffusion
  1. Massari S, Ruberti M, Resources Policy, 38, 36 (2013)
  2. Cui JR, Zhang LF, J. Hazard. Mater., 158(2-3), 228 (2008)
  3. Lee JC, Song HT, Yoo JM, Conservation and Recycling, 50, 380 (2007)
  4. Tuncuk A, Stazi V, Akcil A, Yazici EY, Deveci H, Miner. Eng., 25, 28 (2012)
  5. Nnorom IC, Osibanjo O, Conservation and Recycling, 52, 843 (2008)
  6. Stefania M, Marcello R, Resources Policy, 3, 36 (2013)
  7. Aarabi-Karasgani M, Rashchi F, Mostoufi N, Vahidi E, Hydrometallurgy, 102, 14 (2010)
  8. Dehghan R, Noaparast M, Kolahdoozan M, Hydrometallurgy, 96, 275 (2009)
  9. El-Nadi YA, Hydrometallurgy, 119, 23 (2012)
  10. Kul M, Topkaya Y, Karakaya I, Hydrometallurgy, 93, 129 (2008)
  11. Liu K, Chen Q, Yin Z, Hu H, Ding Z, Hydrometallurgy, 125, 125 (2012)
  12. Minting L, Chang W, Shuang Q, Xuejiao Z, Cunxiong L, Zhigan D, Hydrometallurgy, 104, 193 (2010)
  13. Moldoveanu GA, Papangelakis VG, Hydrometallurgy, 117, 71 (2012)
  14. Yoo SJ, Yoon HS, Jang HD, Lee MJ, Lee SI, Hong ST, Park HS, Chem. Eng. J., 133(1-3), 79 (2007)
  15. Yoo SJ, Kwak DH, Lee JW, Hwang UY, Jang HD, Hydrometallurgy, 96, 223 (2009)
  16. Dodson JR, Hunt AJ, Parker HL, Yang Y, Clark JH, Chem. Eng. Process., 51, 69 (2012)
  17. Kostova I, Curr. Med. Chem., 5, 591 (2005)
  18. Manhique AJ, Focke WW, Carvalho M, Hydrometallurgy, 109, 230 (2011)
  19. Levenspiel O, Chemical Reaction Engineering, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York (2003)
  20. Schmidt LD, The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press (2005)
  21. Avrami M, J. Chem. Phys., 7, 1103 (1939)
  22. Dickinson CF, Heal GR, Thermochim. Acta, 340, 89 (1999)
  23. Orfao JJM, Martins FG, Thermochim. Acta, 390(1-2), 195 (2002)
  24. Kanazawa Y, Kamitani M, J. Alloys Compd., 408, 1339 (2006)
  25. El-Nadi YA, Daoud JA, Aly HF, Int. J. Miner. Process., 76(1-2), 101 (2005)
  26. Ding Y, Xue Q, Wang G, Wang J, Matallurgy and Materials Transactions B, 28, 28 (2013)
  27. Fozia A, Muhammad S, Ata A, Hydrometallurgy, 117, 1 (2012)
  28. Georgiana AM, Vladimiros GP, Hydrometallurgy, 117, 71 (2012)
  29. Kandil AT, Aly MM, Moussa EM, Kamel AM, Gouda MM, Kouraim MN, J. Rare Earths, 28, 576 (2010)
  30. Sapsford DJ, Bowell RJ, Geroni JN, Penman KM, Dey M, Miner. Eng., 39, 165 (2012)
  31. Tian J, Yin J, Chi R, Rao G, Jiang M, Ouyang K, Hydrometallurgy, 101, 166 (2010)
  32. Akinlua A, Torto N, Ajayi TR, Fuel, 87(8-9), 1469 (2008)
  33. HSC Chemistry 5.0 Chemical Reaction and Equilibrium Software with Extensive Thermochemical Database, Ver 5.11, Outokumpu Research, Finland.
  34. Gharabaghi M, Noaparast M, Irannajad M, Hydrommetallurgy, 95, 341 (2009)
  35. KADIOGLU YY, KARACA S, BAYRAKCEKEN S, Fuel Process. Technol., 41(3), 273 (1995)
  36. Momade FWY, Momade ZG, Hydrometallurgy, 54, 25 (1999)
  37. Okur H, Tekin T, Ozer AK, Bayramoglu M, Hydrometallurgy, 67, 79 (2002)
  38. Alkan M, Dogan M, Chem. Eng. Process., 43(7), 867 (2004)
  39. Lacin O, Donmez B, Demir F, Int. J. Miner. Process., 75(1-2), 91 (2005)
  40. Bakan F, Lacin O, Bayrak B, Sarac H, Int. J. Miner. Process., 80(1), 27 (2006)
  41. Aydogan S, Erdemoglu M, Aras A, Ucar G, Ozkan A, Hydrometallurgy, 84, 239 (2006)
  42. Souza AD, Pina PS, Lima EVO, Da Silva CA, Leao VA, Hydrometallurgy, 89, 337 (2007)
  43. Ekmekyapar A, Demirkiran N, Kunkul A, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 86(9A), 1011 (2008)
  44. Souza AD, Pina PS, Santos FMF, Da Silva CA, Leao VA, Hydrometallurgy, 95, 207 (2009)
  45. Donmez B, Demir F, Lacin O, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 15(6), 865 (2009)
  46. Safarzadeh MS, Moradkhani D, Ojaghi-Ilkhchi M, J. Hazard. Mater., 163(2-3), 880 (2009)
  47. Heydarpour T, Rezai B, Gharabaghi M, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 89(10A), 2153 (2011)
  48. Kandi AT, Aly MM, Moussa EM, Kamel AM, Gouda MM, Kouraim MN, J. Rare Earths, 28, 576 (2010)
  49. Guliyev R, Kuslu S, Calban T, Colak S, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18(4), 1202 (2012)
  50. Gharabaghi M, Irannajad M, Azadmehr AR, Sep. Purif. Technol., 86, 9 (2012)
  51. Raschman P, Smincakova E, Hydrometallurgy, 113, 60 (2012)
  52. Huang HQ, Li JS, Li XX, Zhang ZZ, Sep. Purif. Technol., 108, 45 (2013)
  53. Du GX, Lu GC, He XW, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 21(7), 736 (2013)
  54. Gharabaghi M, Irannajad M, Azadmehr AR, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 91(2), 325 (2013)
  55. Feng X, Long Z, Cui D, Wang L, Huang X, Zhang G, Tran. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 23, 849 (2013)
  56. Martins JP, Hydrometallurgy, 42, 221 (1996)
  57. Souza AD, Pina PS, Leao VA, Silva CA, Siqueira PF, Hydrometallurgy, 89, 72 (2007)
  58. Aarabi-Karasgani M, Rashchi F, Mostoufi N, Vahidi E, Hydrometallurgy, 102, 14 (2010)
  59. Liu K, Chen Q, Yin Z, Hu H, Ding Z, Hydrometallurgy, 125, 125 (2012)
  60. Feng X, Long Z, Cui D, Wang L, Huang X, Zhang G, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 23, 849 (2013)
  61. Bian X, Yin S, Luo Y, Wu W, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 21, 2306 (2011)