In the study, PAN/beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) one dimensional composite nanofibers were synthesized with sol-gel method and electrospinning, and then, we dipped the composite nanofibers into NaBH4 aqueous solution acted as reducing agent to fabricate PAN/beta-CD/Cu composite nanofibers. We got the PAN/beta-CD/Cu composite nanofibers with different concentration of beta-CD, and Cu nanoparticles formed on its surface. The final products were characterized using scanning electronic microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results of characterization showed that the Cu nanoparticles with small size were well-distributed on the composite nanofibers.