Materials Science Forum, Vol.522-523, 571-580, 2006
An overview of metal dusting in synthesis gas environments
This paper gives an overview of the different processes of metal dusting (MD) that operate on low and high alloyed iron and nickel base alloys exposed in CO+H(2)-containing environments with or without water vapour. MID of pure metals like iron and nickel occur with a solely carbon-induced corrosion mechanism. However, in high alloyed materials with strong oxide formers such as Cr and Al, a more complex MD-process takes place which involves both carbon and oxygen in close collaboration. The "alloyed" carbides, i.e normally Cr-containing carbides, formed in such materials are thermodynamically stable with respect to the carbon activity. However, in the reaction front of a MD-pit with non-protective spinel oxide, they destabilise and dissolve due to the influence of the low oxygen activity determined by CO-dissociation. Based on recent results in the field of MD a chart with tentative MD mechanisms is presented as a function of alloy composition and temperature.
Keywords:stainless steel;steel;nickel base alloy;high temperature corrosion;metal dusting;oxidation;carburisation;carbides;thermodynamic modelling;diffusion;kinetics;mechanisms