Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol.172, No.1, 147-154, 1995
Measurement of the Drag Coefficient of Spherical-Particles Attached to Fluid Interfaces
The drag coefficient, beta, of spherical particles attached to a pure air-water interface is determined, The method is based on the measurement of the particle velocity V, under the action of a well-defined lateral capillary force F. The capillary force is created by controlled deformation of the water surface by means of a Teflon barrier whose vertical position can be precisely adjusted. The magnitude of the force is calculated by means of the theory of capillary interaction between a sphere and a vertical wall (Kralchevsky ct al., J. Colloid Interface Sci. 167, 47, 1994). The drag coefficient is calculated from the ratio beta = F/V at small Reynolds numbers, The dependence of the drag coefficient on the particle size and the three-phase contact angle is determined. For small spheres, which do not create substantial deformation of the fluid interface, beta is always smaller than the Stokes coefficient, beta(S) = 6 pi eta a (eta is the water viscosity and a is the particle radius). For large spheres, however, beta can be greater than beta(S). This higher hydrodynamic resistance can be explained by the presence of a curved meniscus around heavier particles, The measured values of beta are compared with theoretical calculations and very good agreement is reached. It is demonstrated that the method is sensitive to the presence of adsorbed surfactants and that it can be used for the determination of the surface viscosity Of adsorbed layers.
Keywords:CAPILLARY MENISCUS INTERACTION;LIQUID GAS INTERFACES;LANGMUIR TROUGH;BROWNIAN-MOTION;SURFACE;EMULSIONS;STABILITY;DIFFUSION;FORCES;WATER