A layer of titania semi-spherical shell is assembled onto the titania nano-crystalline film to serve as photo-anode in dye-sensitized solar cells. The shell performs as a concave mirror. Unlike random scattering centers, the unique structure reflects full band of the incident light back to the titania nano-crystalline film in a convergent way. As a result, conversion efficiency is drastically enhanced by the semi-spherical shell coating with a maxima ratio of over forty-seven percent on cells with an effective area of 100 mm(2). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.